Macau：Urban Changes and Emergence of Personality

Wu Zhiliang

Abstract：After more than 400 years of urban development，Macau has progressed from being a city with a fluctuating international position to a world tourism and leisure hub and as an economic and trade platform between China and Portuguese-speaking countries，whilst at the same time continuing in its role as a public space for intercultural dialogue where the consequent formation of a diverse social identity have remained unchanged. The distinctive urban personality of Macau is inseparable from its economic and historical development. The changes and maintenance have formed the urban personality of Macau is a bridge connecting China and the West. Such urban personality will become the foundation for the urban development and the response to urban changes in Macau，so that during the process of urban development，the community would be more capable to safeguard its unique local characteristics and to provide space for China and the world to understand each other.

Key Words：Macau；Urban Development；Urban Personality

The Role of Macau in Pearl River Delta Metropolitan Development

Hao Yufan

Abstract： The gaming industry has led to a decade of rapid economic growth in Macau since its return to the mainland. However，it has also brought forth a series of social problems for society. The solution for Macau lies in further integration into the Pearl River Delta metropolitan development. How to deepen the integration will be discussed in this chapter.

Key Words： Macau；Pearl River Delta；Regional Integration；Metropolitan Development

Economic Diversification，Livelihood Ensurance and Political Institutional Development：Overview of the Governance of Macau SAR 2012

Liu Weihua

Abstract：In the year 2012，Macau’s economy continues its rapid growth，but there are many social and economic problems，such as simple economic structure，large income inequality，price inflation，etc. resulting in discontent among the people and causing trouble for the government of Macau SAR. The government has taken various measures to cope with the difficulties. To meet societal development，the SAR also made reforms in political institutions. At present，enhancing regional cooperation and industrial diversification，establishing livelihood security measures with a long-term mechanism，and strengthening people’s participation in public affairs and government supervision would have practical significance in response to people’s appeals.

Key Words：Political Situation；Livelihood；Regional Cooperation；Industrial Diversification；Political Institutional Development

Consultation on Macau’s Political Development and Its Trends

Jiang Hua

Abstract：In 2012，the issue of Macau’s political institutional development aroused extensive discussions in society as a whole. The majority opinion hoped that the political system of Macau would develope step by step along with social development and progress. In the process of discussion，most Macau residents agreed that the power to develop the political system of Macau belongs to central authorities and the development of the Macau political system is limited by social conditions. However，the opinions of residents differ on some issues such as the rationality of indirect election and the acceptance of the chief executive by residents. Therefore，in order to promote the development of the Macau political system，the Macau government should try to cultivate more political talents，promote good citizenship particularly the national recognition and an understanding of the spirit of“One Country，Two Systems”by Macau residents.

Key Words：Macau；Political System；Development；Chief Executive；Legislative Assembly；Modification

Legislative Developments of Macau’s Urban Planning Law and the Relevant Regulations

Tong Io ChengChan Ka Man

Abstract：This paper elaborates on the theme of urban planning with further discussion on the legal status of“Urban Planning Law”within Macau’s legal order. It displays relations between“Urban Planning Law”and utilization of land resources，protection of cultural heritages，etc. Meanwhile，it also illustrates the significance of concrete urban planning. Consequently，this brings out the legal attribute of“Urban Planning Law”and its related legal branch，as well as the content being regulated. Lastly，it shifts focus to analysis and suggestions relating to the consultation text of“Urban Planning Law”.

Key Words：Urban Planning；Special Administrative Law；Procedure Law；Expropriation；Street Alignment

Multiple Categories and Extensive Functions：An Analysis of Macau SAR Associations’ Diversified Development and their Problems

Lou Shenghua

Abstract：Since the handover，Macau associations have generally maintained the trend of diversified development. The quantity and density of associations have increased rapidly. The category of associations has become more diversified. The activity areas and functions of associations have become more extensive. Compared to the times before the handover，associations in Macau have experienced a certain degree of adjustment and changes in different aspects，including their quantities，structures，functions as well as internal and external relations. In general，the advantages and problems of associations coexisted. The quantity of associations grows rapidly，but some of them cannot survive long；the density of associations is high，but the modernity of associations is inadequate；the type of associations is pluralistic but unbalanced；the function of associations is diverse but not competent. In 2013，Macau will hold a new legislative election. Under the effect of the election，the ecology and pattern of associations in Macau will undoubtedly have new changes.

Key Words：Association；Structure；Category；Function；Ability Development；Macau

The Values and Political Awareness of Macau Youth

Pan Guanjin

Abstract：The youth are the backbone of “Macau people governing Macau” in the future. To explore and nurture political talent，is the responsibility of the Macau SAR government and society as a whole should be concerned about how to support local youth. Macau economy and society have developed rapidly since the handover，the values and civic awareness of the young people in Macau has also changed a lot，with the characteristics of polarization and Mixed Pluralism. This phenomenon can be traced to the diversity within youth groups and the limitations of the way and methods of socialization. Both the government and the community need to support the all-round development of the youth，improve the current socialization and to help the youth foster positive values and attitudes. In this case，the local youth can become a generation of commitment and active participation.

Key Words：Macau；Youth；Values；Politics

General Observation of Macau’s Annual Economic Development in 2012

Lao Chi Ngai

Abstract：This paper mainly analyzes Macau’s macro-economic environment and the development of its core industries in 2013. The scale of Macau’s economy in 2012 has been further developed and enlarged. However，the GDP growth rate has been slowing down as expected as the economy was influenced by the negative external environment. And a single digit GDP growth rate is expected in 2012. Furthermore，the world economy is still full of uncertainties in 2013. The author predicts that the scale of the economy will continue to expand with a relatively slower annual GDP growth rate in 2013 predicted to be between 5% and 8%. As many large tourism and gaming construction projects were approved in 2012 and will begin construction in 2013，and they will become the driving force of the development in its related industries. We expect the overall economy will be prosperous. However，Macau will inevitably encounter inflation and the problems of shortage of human resources.

Key Words：Macau Economy；Industrial Analysis；Economic Outlook

Ten Years Since Macau’s Gaming Liberalization：Reflections on the Prosperity

Sheng Li

Abstract：Using a general equilibrium analytical framework，this paper shows how various socio-economic externalities may reduce the net welfare of Macau in the face of a casino boom. From a sustainable point of view，taxation can be welfare-enhancing，as negative impacts of tourism overgrowth should be internalized.

Key Words：Growth；Externalities；Optimum；Sustainability

Co-operations between Macau and the Mainland：Observations and Reflections on the Effects of CEPA

Zhang Hanlin

Abstract：“Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement”（CEPA），signed in 2003 and with a new supplement signed every year，has become the Mainland’s free-trade agreement with the highest degree of openness，contributing greatly to the economic integration. The signing of CEPA has brought considerable progress to the economy of both Macau and the Mainland and at the same time has provided more opportunities and challenges. This paper reviews the background and the development of the signing of CEPA，from trade in goods，trade in services，investment business，and adjustment to the industrial structure. It will also examine the effectiveness of economic and trade cooperation under the framework of CEPA when responding to international economic fluctuations. Suggestions will be given to the CEPA and to the development of cooperation between Macau and the Mainland.

Key Words：Mainland and Macau Closer Economic Partnership Arrangement；CEPA Effects；Economic Integration

Opportunities in Hengqin，New Development Trend of Macau’s Financial Sector

Wang Yao

Abstract：Macau’s banking industry went through the global financial crisis smoothly. The aggregate assets of the Macau banking system have been growing steadily with improving financial results after the crisis. Meanwhile the quality of assets and the capital adequacy remain above a satisfactory level. However，for a long time the banks in Macau have had to deal with the very limited size of the local market and lack of opportunities. The integrated regional economic and financial cooperation among Guangdong，Hong Kong，and Macau，especially the recent development of Hengqin，provides great oppofrtunities for the banks of Macau. The aim of Guangdong-Macau financial cooperation and financial reforms in Hengqin is to create a regional single financial market. Hengqin is going to serve as both a platform，through which Macau banks gain access to Mainland China and even the global market and a platform，through which the Mainland banks are able to access foreign markets. It is suggested that the cross border RMB business be treated as a starting point. Macau and Hengqin will need to work together to build up the financial platform between China and Portuguese-speaking countries. The two places are expected to strengthen financial cooperation thoroughly and at different levels.

Key Words：Macau；Hengqin；Financial Crisis；Banking；Financial Innovations；Guangdong-Macau Cooperation

Cultural Effects on the Hot Topic of the Museum of Macau Literature

Zhu Shoutong

Abstract：As to the setting up of the Museum of Macau Literature，the government and the people of Macau have made a common consensus. The media in Macau have treated the Museum of Macau Literature as a hotspot topic in the literary circle，nearly everything they reported in 2012，was all focused on such a topic. There were many sharp and correct academic points of view expressed in the discussions on this topic. Such as：how to build self-confidence in theory and history in Macau Literature，and how to build the Museum of Macau Literature with a personal touch. These points of view showed higher level of recognition in Macau’s theory circles. Some points of view in this discussion are open to objection. For example：The prospects of Macau Literature should rely on the Museum；the government’s cultural policy can be adjusted together with the construction of the Museum.

Key Words：Museum of Macau Literature；Topics of Hotspot；Theory Self-confidence；Academic Blind Spot

Continuing Education Development Plan：Implementation and Prospects

Vong Sou Kuan

Abstract：In order to encourage the residents of the Macau Special Administrative Region to enhance their literacy and overall competences to attain the goal of“World Tourism and Leisure Centre”，the government launched a Continuing Education Development Plan in 2011. The plan intends to provide a total of 5000 Patacas for residents who reach the age of 15 or above for further study purposes. This Plan has widely debated since its implementation. Finally，an audit report was released in October，2012 and the Plan was being highly criticised，with comments such as“lack of plans，waste of money”and many others. It seems that the government has no intention to terminate this Plan. The objective of this article attempts to narrate the development of continuous education development in the territory and discuss the Plan. It is hoped that comments and recommendations will facilitate future improvement.

Key Words：Macau Education；Continuing Education；Lifelong Education；Continuing Education Subsidy Plan；Continuing Education Development Plan

Construction and Development of Hospitals on Taipa Island

Yin Shi，Song Yan，Bian Ying and Wang Yitao

Abstract：The public hospital on Taipa island Macau SAR is one of the most important livelihood projects in the healthcare sector for Macau government. With the economic development during the past decade，the population of Taipa island has increased sharply，and the healthcare provider of this area cannot match the healthcare demand. Meanwhile，the climate and traffic situations have also become a barrier to health delivery. Therefore，it is necessary that a general public hospital be established on Taipa island. The project“Taipa Island Hospital”launched in 2010 and currently going through some adjustments，now has a design outline and fill construction has been completed. Hospital construction will being in the second half of 2014，and hopefully the first phase of the project can be completed by 2017，the whole project targeting competition in 2019. Problems for the project today include an unclear aim of the hospital，and the fact that quality and quantity of medical staffs cannot match the hospital development. This article provides policy recommendations for the Taipa Island Hospital project on the subject of sustainable development and a Public-Private-Partnership management model.

Key Words：Macau SAR；Taipa Island；General Hospital Development；Medical Provider；Medical Services.

Reviewing the Process of Urbanization in Macau by Looking the Changes in Mong-Há Village

Zeng Jinlian

Abstract：Mong-Há Village is one of the traditional administrative villages in China，established during the years of the Wanli Emperor during the Ming Dynasty. In the Qing Dynasty，it was under the administration of Xiagongchangdu of Xiangshan County of the Guangzhou government. Due to the penetration of the official forces of the governments of the Ming and Qing dynasties，Mong-Há Village had formed a rich rural culture，reflected in the implementation of rural political systems such as the Baojia-Lizhang system and gentry system. At the same time，Mong-Há Village also gave birth to a unique village temple culture，for example，Lin Fong Temple，Kun Iam Temple，Kun Iam Ancient Temple，Hong Chan Kuan Temple and City God Temple staying in a room. In the nineteenth century，external forces pressured Mong-Há Village into beginning the process of urbanization. Members of the gentry and senior villagers fearing the loss of their traditional rural culture organized groups of Mong-Há residents to fight for their culture. However，the urbanization of Mong-Há Village also is a unique historical case of rural urbanization in China.

Key Words：Mong-Há Village；Baojia System；Lijia System；Gentry System；Urbanization

Drafting Consultation and Discussion of the “Cultural Heritage Protection Bill”

Ieng Weng Fat

Abstract：In order to guarantee a long future for the protection and development of Macau’s world heritage，it must be concluded that the overall cultural development policies in Macau are of great importance. The first and the most important step at present is to promote and popularize literary creation by relating to the Historic Centre of Macau. Literary creation highlighting the Historic Centre of Macau is a key point that citizens will care as to a long result. Secondly，the possibility of emphasizing protection and development of Macau’s world culture heritage putting in a basic education textbook also shouldn’t be neglected. Moreover，though the Cultural Heritage Protection Bill of Macau will soon be issued，if there is not enough awareness amongst citizens of the importance of protecting heritage，it will fail to receive the general public’s understanding and support，then the expected culture heritage protection will be lacking to some extent during the future. So when the Cultural Heritage Protection Bill becomes effective，long-term and continuous promotion on the law is required in order to ensure the Historic Centre of Macau gets sufficient protection in the long run.

Key Words：Cultural Heritage；Protection；Development

Macau Streets：Culture，Marketplaces，and their Revitalization

Pang Hoi Ling

Abstract：At the beginning of the 21st century，with the opening up of gaming rights and Macau’s economic boom，many large entertainment facilities were gradually completed，and new buildings were found everywhere. These gorgeous modern buildings were mostly located in the new development areas，such as the NAPE-Zone，Dynasty District，Nam Van Lake and Sai Van Lake reclamation area in the Macau Peninsula，the new Cotai city and so on. Behind the magnificent neon lights of the big buildings，the streets and alleys developed in the mid-19th century or earlier are quietly moving towards dilapidation. However，those parts of the city containing valuable，historical or cultural connotation actually still have a strong vitality. As long as the government implements appropriate measures，coupled with the efforts of the private sectors，these neighborhoods will retain their living space，while simultaneously becoming the stewards who continue to pass along the local history and culture.

Key Words：Macau Streets；Macau Portuguese；Local History and Culture

The Construction of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau’s Strategic Position

Feng Bangyan，Peng Wei

Abstract：In recent years，steady progress has been made in the “Outline of the Plan for Reform and Development of the Pearl River Delta”. Guangdong，Hong Kong and Macau have stepped into a benign stage with the multilateral development of economy，trade，society and culture. The completion of the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge will push forward the integration of Macau with the east and west sides of the Pearl River Delta region. This article retrospects its historical background and its developing progress of the construction of the bridge，and analyzes its influence on Macau’s strategic position from the following aspects：influences made to Macau as the “World Centre of Tourism and Leisure”，and as the “Service Platform for economic cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking countries”，and also the influence on the formation of the metropolitan circle of the west side of the Pearl River Delta. To conclude，the article will propose suggestions for Macau’s diversification with factors relating to the construction of the bridge.

Key Words：Macau；the Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macau Bridge；the Bridge Economy；World Centre of Tourism and Leisure；Service Platform

Urban Planning and Development of New Reclaimed Land and Cotai in Macau

Chan Kin Sun，O Lai Heong，Lao Keng Chong

Abstract：After the liberalization of the Macau gaming industry and the introduction of the Individual Visit Scheme，Macau’s economy has been developing rapidly. However，Macau’s development capital，for instance transportation and border control system，and resources such as human resources and space，have also reached their limits. As a result，the Macau Government and the Central Government are eager to seek a new growth point for economic development，like the development of a World Center of Tourism and Leisure，as well as，the Trading Cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking Countries，and social needs，like housing and transportation. Urban Planning of Cotai，including Taipa and Coloane，and New Land Reclamation Projects are very important for Macau’s development and regional collaboration，including the development of Hengqin Island. Apart from urban planning and infrastructure development，development of human resources，including the education system，and the cross-boundary infrastructure coordination are also the keys to success for the Pan-Pearl River Delta Regional Cooperation.

Key Words：Macau；Cotai；New Land Reclamation Projects；Zhuhai；Hengqin Island；Regional Collaboration

Planning and Construction of Light Rapid Transit in Macau

Lam Soi Hoi

Abstract：To promote public transport priority and a people-oriented transportation policy，the Macau SAR government in 2007 announced the implementation of the first phase of the light rapid transit （LRT）. Construction of the LRT as the core of a sustainable transport system in Macau，goes hand-in-hand with a walking system，together with buses and taxis to build a modern，convenient and environmentally friendly public transportation system. In addition to Macau LRT’s own characteristics，a fully-automated and driverless，convenient and reliable，energy saving，environmental friendly，and barrier-free travel，can also attract passengers using other modes to reduce the demands on the road network，to enhance the overall quality of life for citizens and achieve the goal of sustainable development. The Guangdong-Macau Cooperation Framework Agreement was signed in March 2011 and aimed at establishing the focus of Hengqin development and regional cooperation in planning. The “Twelve Five-Year Plan” clearly supports Macau to develop into a “World Tourism and Leisure Center”. With the further deepening of regional integration since the promulgation of the“Framework”，regional cross-border traffic will become important to promote the sustainable development of the region. The overall land transport policy in Macau has clearly identified LRT as the core of the public transportation system，buses and taxis forming the foundation，and the pedestrian system providing the connection. The LRT phase 1 under construction connects Border Gate in the north to the Pac On Ferry Terminal in Taipa Island. Together with phase 2 and beyond，there will be LRT services covering most urban areas in Macau with the“Dual-Circle Dual-Axis （DCDA）”LRT network. The DCDA LRT Network will connect the main entries/exits and integrated transport hub in Macau to promote sustainable development，regional integration and improve the quality of life of residents. This article will provide a brief report of the development of Macau LRT in 2012.

Key Words：Light Rapid Transit/Light Rail；Regional Transportation；Public Transportation；Mass Rapid Transit

Guangdong-Macau New Border Program and Economic Development in North Macau

Jiang Shanshan

Abstract：Since it was put forward in May 2012，The Guangdong-Macau New Border Program，which is defined as a huge and comprehensive cross-border infrastructure，includes a new border crossing between Guangdong and Macau，implies an important development opportunity for North Macau. Combined with the construction characteristics of Guangdong-Macau New Border Program，This paper analyzes how North Macau will benefit from the program. But the actual effect remains to be seen.

Key Words：Guangdong-Macau New Border Program；North Macau；Business Environment；Living Environment；Guangdong-Macau Cooperation

Multi-city Comparison：Evaluation of Macau’s Urban Competitiveness

Yin Yifen

Abstract：The paper firstly reviews the basic theory of urban competitiveness and then compares Macau’s urban comprehensive competitiveness and the key sub-divisional competitiveness such as industry competitiveness，enterprise competitiveness，talent competitiveness and public sector competitiveness with other cities. The paper also points out the problems and some countermeasures in Macau’s urban comprehensive competitiveness and the key sub-divisional competitiveness.

Key Words：Urban Comprehensive Competitiveness；Industry Competitiveness；Enterprise Competitiveness；Talent Competitiveness；Public Sector Competitiveness