The fertility and growth rates of China’s population have risen in recent years. On April 14，1989，the population in mainland China exceeded 1.1 billion. The grim situation of population in China has drawn worldwide concern. Under the circumstances of the reform and the rapid development of a market-oriented economy，new breakthroughs must be made in the integration of theories into practice and feasible and effective measures are needed in order to check population growth. In my opinion the key to the breakthroughs lies in the relationships between population reproduction and economic interests，the regulation of individual reproduction behavior by such interests and the performance of population administration departments according to the principle of economic interests.