Currently，the global food system is challenged by multiple factors such as climate extremes，the spread of COVID-19，local conflicts，wars，and sluggish markets. The global food security has been deteriorating in a spiral at four levels：supply，access，effective utilization，and stability，and the food crisis is becoming more severe. The State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World 2021，jointly prepared by FAO，WFP，IFAD，and other UN entities，shows that in 2020，a total of 720 million to 811 million people worldwide suffered from hunger. If we take its median value，i.e.，768 million，the number of hungry people grew by about 118 million in 2020 compared to 2019，3034422 which increased the burden of global food security governance.

In the context of a disrupted global food system，strengthening agricultural cooperation with other countries，ensuring food security，and building a more resilient and sustainable food system have become issues of common concern for countries worldwide. As a major agricultural country，China has been promoting the development of the Belt and Road Initiative，and strengthening agricultural cooperation with countries along the route has become an important tool for promoting the high-quality development of the Belt and Road Initiative. The Arab region is an essential region for the Belt and Road Initiative，and agriculture is a major area for Arab States to protect people’s livelihood and promote development. Moreover，agricultural cooperation has been becoming a core issue in the development of bilateral and multilateral relations for the Arab States. China and the Arab States highly value agriculture and food security，thus making agricultural cooperation the major path to enhancing their strategic partnership.