法国发展报告（2020）
书 名： 法国发展报告（2020）
英 文 名： ANNUAL REPORT ON DEVELOPMENT OF THE FRENCH REPUBLIC （2020）
作 者： 丁一凡 戴冬梅
I S B N： 978-7-5201-6737-6
丛 书 名：
法国蓝皮书
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关 键 词： 法国 例外主义 战略自主 平衡主义 欧洲秩序
出版日期： 2020-09-01
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中文摘要
历史纪念日繁密的2019年，是马克龙执政的第三个年头，也是巴黎继续设定和推进内政外交议程，以求最大限度促进法国国家利益，寻求重振和提升法国与欧盟的地缘政治和经济实力、地位和影响力的一年。
在内政层面，马克龙积极作为，颇有斩获。共和国前进党巩固了自身的执政地位。在疏堵双管齐下的政策下，法国“黄背心”运动逐步平息。极右派虽然在欧洲议会选举中表现不俗，但暂时仍不足以构成实质威胁。社会党、共和党等传统政党尚未摆脱颓势。通过前期结构性改革，在美国对华贸易摩擦升级的背景下，对外贸依赖度相对较低的法国经济实现平稳增长。法国同时锐意推进福利制度改革，以重振法兰西例外主义以及法国社会和经济模式的活力和魅力。作为教育制度改革的一部分，巴黎还对学徒制进行了改革，以达到促就业和促增长之效。
在防务和对外政策上，巴黎以军事大国和外交大国地位为杠杆，通过具有鲜明的平衡主义色彩的策略组合，捍卫巴黎中心主义的欧洲秩序和世界秩序愿景。继与柏林推动“永久结构性合作”和“欧洲干预倡议”等欧洲防务自主机制之后，法国增加国防预算、组建太空司令部、强化核威慑力量，巩固法国在欧盟防务上的支配地位。马克龙同时推动对俄关系重启，与即将进入“后默克尔时代”的德国就欧盟对内、对外政策的领导权展开激烈博弈。在非洲萨赫勒反恐战争中，法国希望借助欧盟和其他盟友的力量，强化自身军事存在的正当性，淡化自身的前殖民国身份，并促进欧洲防务建设。在亚太，巴黎积极推进印太战略和军售战略，塑造其“印太身份”和所谓“多边主义者联盟”，实质站队美国及其亚太盟友。与此同时，法国率先着手对美国数字巨头开征数字税，体现了在经济科技领域的战略自主雄心。巴黎与其倚重的外交和防务伙伴伦敦之间，同样存在竞合关系，在经贸和金融层面尤其如此。
2019年是中法建交55周年。中法两国首脑互访，进一步夯实了全面战略伙伴关系。同时，中国被欧盟定性为“制度性对手”，制衡中国的声音在法国主流媒体、智库和精英群体中不绝于耳。但是，当下，巴黎和北京比以往更需要对维护世界的多边主义和多极化世界秩序，阻止其单边主义化和野蛮化，担当起特殊的责任。
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