太平洋岛国发展报告（2021）
书 名： 太平洋岛国发展报告（2021）
英 文 名： ANNUAL REPORT ON DEVELOPMENT OF PACIFIC ISLAND COUNTRIES （2021）
作 者： 陈德正 赵少峰
I S B N： 978-7-5201-9748-9
丛 书 名：
太平洋岛国蓝皮书
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关 键 词： 太平洋岛国 次区域合作 “一带一路” 倡议
出版日期： 2022-03-01
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中文摘要
2020年，太平洋岛国地区继续保持政治形势基本稳定的总体态势。瓦努阿图、纽埃、基里巴斯和帕劳举行了大选。虽然有些国家选举过程跌宕起伏，但总体较为顺利，部分岛国政府实现了换届调整。受旅行禁令、贸易限制和运输中断等多重因素影响，太平洋岛国普遍经历了供应链、产业链“断链”的极端挑战，经济社会发展陷入艰难时刻。各国经济发展面临急剧下滑、失业率不断升高的挑战。为此，拓展融资渠道、争取疫苗援助成为太平洋岛国外交的重要任务。以国际旅游业收入为主的太平洋岛国经济体受疫情影响最为明显。太平洋岛国政府采取了降低价格、加大海外营销、业内整顿、安全保障等积极的应对策略，以迎接旅游业复苏。然而，由于疫情的高度不确定性，岛国国际旅游业的重启时间仍是未知数。在地区发展方面，随着美拉尼西亚先锋集团（MSG）、波利尼西亚领导人集团（PLG）和密克罗尼西亚总统峰会（MPS）三个次区域组织的发展，太平洋岛国在太平洋岛国论坛秘书长人选上产生了分歧，使得这一区域组织面临分裂的危险。2020年太平洋岛国面临的挑战很多，值得关注的是，2020年12月4日，联合国宣布瓦努阿图已经从世界最不发达国家的官方名单中“毕业”。同年，瓦努阿图国立大学也正式揭牌。
近年来，在美国与中国展开全面战略竞争的背景下，太平洋岛国地区被美国视为与中国进行力量博弈的重点地区。尽管特朗普政府和拜登政府的太平洋岛国政策的方向和手段不尽相同，但两届政府在太平洋岛国地区的利益诉求具有延续性和一致性。日本对太平洋岛国的外交政策与外交定位进行了一些调整，进一步推进与太平洋岛国的政治互信，但援助对象有差异化选择；经济上与太平洋岛国加强合作，但合作的方式更加多元；尽管满足了太平洋岛国的诉求，但援助类别发生了变化。2020年，新冠肺炎疫情的发生使中国同太平洋岛国的经贸互利合作关系受到了一定的影响，但中国同绝大多数岛国相互支持、相互帮助，加深了相互理解，进一步密切了双边关系。
在疫情尚未停止的情况下，太平洋岛国继续推动“蓝色太平洋”发展计划，实施“向北看”战略，持续关注气候变化，通过制定《蓝色太平洋2050战略》凝聚共识。
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