中东欧国家体育发展报告（2021～2022）
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中文摘要
2022年是中国-中东欧合作机制成立的第十个年头。十年来，中国与中东欧国家之间持续深化友好关系、不断开拓合作领域，为增进中国与中东欧国家政治互信、加强经贸合作和人文交流等做出了重要贡献。体育作为文化交流、文明互鉴的有效载体，在中国和中东欧国家交往合作中发挥着独特优势。关注中东欧国家体育发展，开展中东欧国家体育发展情况动态梳理和长期跟踪研究，推动中国-中东欧体育合作这一双方人文交流重点领域，其重要性自不待言。
本报告全面系统梳理中东欧国家过去三年来尤其是2021年以来体育发展基本情况，从中东欧国家大众体育、竞技体育、体育对外交往等层面以及体育智库、“三大球”和冰雪运动等焦点问题展开，并附中东欧国家体育机构和体育发展基本统计资料，在收集翔实数据的基础上对中东欧地区体育政策、发展历程和取得的成绩及中国与中东欧国家的体育交流和合作进行尽可能全面系统的呈现。
大众体育方面，中东欧国家整体都是高度重视，体育政策体系愈趋完备，但发展程度大多低于欧盟平均水平，一定程度上与区域性经济社会整体发展情况有关；休闲健身运动较受青睐；疫情影响下大众体育正经受挑战，运动场景、运动项目选择等方面变化较大，数字体育发展迅速。
竞技体育方面，中东欧国家因其深厚的经济传统和浓厚的运动氛围，以及较完备的管理体制和法律政策保障，多有不俗竞技实力，尤其是克服世纪疫情影响积极备战参赛，在东京奥运会、北京冬奥会上均取得不俗战绩，展现了良好的奥林匹克精神。
中国与中东欧国家体育交流合作成绩斐然，有较为健全的合作机制，中国传统运动项目在中东欧也有较高认可度，呈现体育交往领域广、层次高、成果丰的特点，但仍有巨大的发展空间。夏季项目方面，中东欧国家“三大球”实力雄厚，中国与中东欧国家相对而言有较大差距，近年双方在“三大球”方面交流合作非常密切，合作面广域宽，合作主体多元丰富，今后可通过优势互补促进在男子和女子相关项目上齐头并进发展，以期形成规律性与常态化的交流合作。冬季项目方面，中东欧国家在冰雪运动项目上具有传统优势和较强实力，但“雪强冰弱”，而中国在冬季项目上“冰强雪弱”的特征则较显著。双方能够在多个冰雪运动项目上实现互补，可进一步加强项目交流合作，实现互利共赢。
中国与中东欧国家传统友谊深厚，有坚实的民意基础。中东欧国家多为欧盟成员国，中国作为世界第二大经济体在多方面取得卓越成就，推进中国-中东欧双多边交往合作，有着重要的现实意义。在未来合作中，中国和中东欧国家应高度重视包括体育交往在内的人文交流，进一步增进民心相通，推动中国与中东欧合作进一步走深走实，行稳致远。
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