人口高质量发展评价报告（2024）
中文摘要
二十届中央财经委员会第一次会议强调“以人口高质量发展支撑中国式现代化”。在充分梳理相关理论和借鉴相关指数构建经验的基础上，基于21位人口学、社会学和经济学等领域专家的专家咨询法和熵权法分析结果，本书从人口素质、人口经济发展、人口生活质量、人口宜居环境和全民共享发展5个维度，运用12个二级指标构建人口高质量发展综合评价指数。利用联合国、世界银行等权威机构年度报告数据和我国的国家和地方统计年鉴数据，对全球100个国家、我国31个省份与250个设区的市进行了分层级实证评价。人口高质量发展综合评价指数结果显示，国际均值为35.313分，得分靠前的国家有爱尔兰、瑞士、卢森堡等；我国省际均值为44.525分，得分较高省份集中在东南沿海地区；我国设区市均值为30.400分，得分较高设区市集中在长三角、珠三角和中三角城市群。人口素质指数结果显示，全球人口素质指数呈现区域分化的特点，发达国家具有显著优势；国内人口素质指数则在大城市中呈现极化效应，与地方经济和人才聚集紧密相关。人口经济发展指数结果显示，欧洲和北美等地区经济高度发达，拥有相对完善的经济体制和产业结构，这为它们创造较高水平的国民收入提供了丰厚的物质条件；国内人口经济发展指数排名靠前的大多为东部沿海省份，主要分布在长三角和珠三角经济带。人口生活质量指数结果显示，欧洲国家居民整体生活质量较高；国内人口生活质量发展指数表现为个别非经济发达省份人口整体生活质量较高。人口宜居环境指数结果显示，全球发达国家人口宜居环境指数的排名总体较高；国内区域发展不均衡导致部分工业重地的人口宜居环境指数较低。全民共享发展指数结果显示，全球排名靠前的国家都是高收入国家，但也有中低等收入国家和中高等收入国家在单个指标上表现良好；国内经济社会发展水平与全民共享发展指数未呈现相关关系。
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