中国钢铁产业发展报告（2024）
中文摘要
新质生产力是创新起主导作用，摆脱传统经济增长方式、生产力发展路径，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态。“传统产业改造升级，也能发展新质生产力”的论断为钢铁这一支柱型传统产业的发展指明了方向。2023年，中国钢铁产业的生产经营总体上保持平稳。全年粗钢产量达到10.19亿吨，年末钢材库存量较上年同期有所下降，特别是重点企业钢材库存量同比下降5.3%。在投资方面，节能环保和工艺改进类投资成为主流，引领产业发展方向。同时，环保水平持续提升，已有116家钢铁企业完成超低排放改造和评估监测工作。两化融合程度进一步加深，90%的钢铁企业建立了生产制造执行及能源管控系统，并且《钢铁行业智能制造标准体系建设指南（2023版）》的发布进一步推动钢铁产业智能制造水平提升。此外，首钢集团、鞍山钢铁集团有限公司等企业在新产品研发方面取得重大突破，冶金科学技术奖申报单位数量创历史新高。当前钢铁产业进入减量发展、存量优化阶段，发展新质生产力，既立足当前，又放眼未来，是切实有效的高质量发展道路。围绕钢铁产业发展新质生产力，北京科技大学和世界钢铁发展研究院组织编写《中国钢铁产业发展报告（2024）》，全书分为总报告、高科技篇、高效能篇、高质量篇和案例篇5个部分，从多个角度描述中国钢铁产业的发展状况，分析钢铁产业发展新质生产力的潜力。
本书的总报告对钢铁产业新质生产力的发展情况进行系统梳理，概述钢铁产业在高科技、高效能、高质量方面的发展态势。高科技篇深入探讨了钢铁产业中氢冶金、低碳冶金、洁净钢冶炼、薄带铸轧和无头轧制等先进工艺技术的发展现状，建议钢铁企业增加研发投入，特别在氢冶金和低碳冶金方面加强技术创新，继而分析了钢铁产业智能制造的五大核心技术及其应用现状，并探讨了智能制造对钢铁产业生产效率、资源利用、环保效益等方面的影响。最后通过分析典型应用案例，揭示了钢铁产业智能管理的现状和存在的问题，并从智能质量、智能能源、智能碳、智能人力和智能库存管理5个方面，探讨了改进方向。高效能篇首先从生产、消费和贸易3个方面分析中国钢铁行业节能降碳的进展，然后总结了中国钢铁企业碳排放强度的影响因素。基于数据包络分析法测度2006～2021年27个省（区、市）钢铁行业绿色全要素生产率，研究绿色全要素生产率的主要影响因素。高质量篇首先围绕产业集中度、集团化布局和区域集聚探讨了钢铁产业结构布局的优化情况，再聚焦钢铁产业资源保障的高质量发展，通过定量分析与案例研究，分析了钢铁产业通过资源多元化和供应链升级保障资源供应和提高产业竞争力的情况，最后阐述了提升钢铁产业供给质量的重要性，指出技术创新、产品结构优化、资源利用效率提升及环保措施加强是实现高质量发展的关键路径。案例篇以酒钢集团为案例，介绍了其厚植生态底色，推进绿色转型，发展绿色生产力的相关情况。
当前钢铁产业正迈入新一轮调整周期，发展环境发生显著变化，阻碍行业进步的根本性问题仍未得到有效解决，需要新理念、新思维和新举措，发展新质生产力则成为钢铁产业克服困难和应对挑战的重要着力点。本书通过定性与定量相结合的方法，对钢铁产业发展新质生产力的最新情况进行了分析，希望为钢铁产业发展提供一定的参考与借鉴，不断塑造发展新动能、新优势，促进钢铁产业生产力实现新的跃升。
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