中国流动儿童教育发展报告（2023～2024）
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中文摘要
新时代新征程中，我国社会发生了巨大的变化，流动儿童教育也在新时代的社会洪流中有一些新的变化。
在我国，人口高质量发展被提上战略高度。随着生育率下降、人口老龄化等趋势愈加明显，人口高质量发展已成为未来经济发展的新引擎。对于流动儿童而言，在人口高质量发展背景下的教育政策，不仅要保障流动儿童的受教育权，还要确保他们享受高质量教育资源的权利。
当前，社会发展受到数字经济的影响，在互联网飞速发展的背景下，线上生活、共享经济等已日益普遍，社会结构和生活方式发生了非常明显的变化。互联网的发展催生了很多新的产业形态，以骑手、网约车司机、互联网销售员等劳动者为代表的新经济形态劳动者走上历史舞台，他们的子女是流动儿童群体中非常重要的一个群体。本书研究发现，有子女的外卖骑手更注重工作与生活之间的平衡，充分利用外卖工作的灵活性肩负家庭和工作的双重责任。在有子女骑手的家庭中，可以发现：弱势骑手子女具有“双重劣势”，无配偶的远距离流动骑手的育儿参与程度更低；当骑手流入一线城市就业时，他们的育儿参与也会受到很大的影响。
另外，数字经济时代儿童数字素养和儿童所处数字生态环境的差异，也导致流动儿童和城市儿童面临“数字鸿沟”。研究发现，手机成为流动儿童接入互联网的主要端口。流动儿童的互联网使用表现出高度的娱乐性和社交性，其行为背后的核心动机是他们对身份认同和社会交往的强烈需求，但是这种主体动机常常被监护者忽略，从而产生“理解”鸿沟。另外，流动儿童具有基础的网络操作能力与网络安全素养，但在智能技术应用以及社会性发展方面的高阶能力较为缺乏。流动儿童中存在上网时间过长、网络依赖等问题，这不仅仅是个体偏好，更是家庭、同伴、学校和社会等多方面因素共同作用的结果。
在人口高质量发展和数字经济协同发展的时代，如何进一步保障流动儿童的教育公平、保障流动儿童的全面发展，关系到人口素质的整体提高，也关系到中国式现代化的战略基础。基于此，本书提出以下建议：要始终秉持儿童优先原则，构建儿童发展的全面保障体系；此外，还要持续深化户籍制度改革，进一步降低特大城市落户、入学门槛，加快异地中考、高考改革，为流动儿童创造公平的升学环境；要关注农村受人口流动影响儿童的养育和照护体系；在数字时代，要关注留守儿童、流动儿童的情感问题和数字鸿沟问题；要加强社区服务、构建儿童社会保护网络；在儿童友好型城市的建设进程中纳入流动儿童的需求和权益。
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