北京开放科学发展报告（2025）
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中文摘要
开放科学正迅速演化为全球科研范式革新的底层逻辑，其政策—技术—生态耦合效应不仅重塑了知识生产与扩散的时空结构，也深度重构了国家与城市的创新竞争力。2024年11月，习近平主席在二十国集团领导人峰会宣布中国携手巴西、南非、非盟共同发起“开放科学国际合作倡议”，以“开放、公平、公正、非歧视”为核心原则，推动落实联合国教科文组织《开放科学建议书》，强化“全球南方”科技能力建设，标志着中国从开放科学参与者升级为规则塑造者与公共产品供给者，为全球科技治理注入包容性发展内核。
北京作为国家创新战略支点，2023～2025年连续在中关村论坛设置开放科学分论坛，并以制度创新—平台建设双轮驱动，积极探索区域解决方案。一方面，《“一带一路”科技创新北京行动计划（2025-2027年）》以建设百个科技创新平台、开展百个联合研发项目、服务百个创新主体为抓手，深化与“一带一路”共建国家的科技创新合作，强化北京在全球创新网络中的枢纽地位；另一方面，《北京市科技创新国际化提升行动计划（2024-2027年）》通过“引进来”与“走出去”双向互济，优化国际科技合作网络，提升创新主体国际化能力，为开放科学提供制度通道与资源接口。同时，《北京市加快人工智能赋能科学研究高质量发展行动计划（2025-2027年）》提出构建科学基础大模型、打造高质量科学数据库集群及标杆型AI for Science应用场景，进一步夯实数据—算法—算力一体化基础设施，使北京在全球科学智能版图中占据策源地位置。系列政策叠加形成的制度—技术—生态乘数效应，不仅提升了北京在数据开放、设施开放、跨境人才流动及治理规则输出等维度的全球显示度，也为我国构建“自立自强—包容共享”的新型开放创新体系提供了可参考的北京路径，持续为全球科技创新与社会发展注入高阶动能。
在此背景下，《北京开放科学发展报告（2025）》立足全球和中国开放科学发展新进展和新形势，通过总报告、国际篇、专题篇、案例篇四个核心内容板块，系统梳理2025年北京开放科学发展总体状况、特点、问题和挑战，提出针对性建议。其中，总报告从国家和北京层面系统梳理开放科学发展进展和成效；开展北京开放科学发展评价研究，从基础规模、实践活力、支撑环境、影响成效四个维度测度评价2019～2024年北京开放科学发展水平，并与上海、广东、江苏、浙江、山东进行横向比较，剖析北京的优势与短板。国际篇系统梳理了联合国教科文组织、欧盟、OECD、世界银行等主要国际组织在开放科学治理、基础设施建设和伦理规范制定等方面的最新进展，同时聚焦美国、中国、欧盟国家及“全球南方”国家在国家战略、政策实践与区域协作中的动态与经验。专题篇围绕开放获取、公共数据专区、开放科学政策、科研评价等重点领域，以及开放科学背景下科学智能发展、科研文献全球影响力评价、开放科学赋能新质生产力等交叉领域开展研究，为北京持续深化开放科学实践提供理论支撑和政策建议。案例篇选取DeepSeek大模型、华为、小米、NASA等国内外开放创新典范，以及开放科学与数字经济融合、推动新一代信息技术产业发展的典型案例，总结其经验。
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总报告
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国际篇
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专题篇
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案例篇
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