中国新质生产力发展报告（2026）
中文摘要
新质生产力是以创新为主导，具有高科技、高效能、高质量特征，符合新发展理念的先进生产力质态，核心是通过生产要素创新性配置与产业体系深度转型实现全要素生产率系统性跃升，是推动中国经济从高速增长向高质量发展转型的核心引擎。这一概念的提出，源于对传统要素驱动增长模式边际效益递减、结构性失衡与环境约束凸显等发展阶段特征的深刻把握，历经理论建构、战略部署、纲领落地到地方实践的完整演进，已进入体系化推进、多领域突破的关键阶段。
本报告整合专项研究成果，全面呈现中国新质生产力发展图景。从理论根基来看，新质生产力是马克思主义生产力理论中国化的最新成果，与现代创新经济学深度融合，形成了涵盖科技创新、产业创新、发展方式创新、体制机制创新的战略架构。从发展实践来看，研发投入持续扩大，人工智能、新能源汽车、高端制造等新兴产业实现突破性进展，政策体系不断完善；国有企业、民营企业等主体协同发力，依托自身优势形成特色发展路径；东部、中部、西部、东北四大区域立足资源禀赋，呈现协同创新、资源转化、绿色转型、老工业基地升级等差异化发展态势。
同时，新质生产力发展仍面临多重挑战，如外部遭遇地缘政治博弈与核心技术制约，内部存在人力资本结构性赤字、要素配置效率不足、区域发展不平衡、转型摩擦等障碍。对此，需坚持深化改革与扩大开放双轮驱动，通过要素市场化配置改革、全国统一大市场建设、科教人才一体化部署释放内生动力；通过制度型开放、融入全球创新网络塑造国际竞争新优势；针对核心技术攻坚、要素市场化改革、绿色低碳融合、人才培育机制等关键领域精准施策，推动新质生产力持续健康发展。
本报告基于政府统计、行业报告、实地调研等数据与典型案例，坚持客观中立、实证分析与务实对策导向，旨在为政府部门的政策制定、企业主体的战略决策、科研机构的学术研究提供参考，为推动高质量发展、全面建成社会主义现代化强国贡献智慧与力量。
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