中国社会心态研究报告（2018）
书 名： 中国社会心态研究报告（2018）
英 文 名： ANNUAL REPORT ON SOCIAL MENTALITY OF CHINA （2018）
作 者： 王俊秀 陈满琪
I S B N： 978-7-5201-3635-8
丛 书 名：
社会心态蓝皮书
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关 键 词： 社会心理 社会行为 研究报告 中国
出版日期： 2018-10-01
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中文摘要
本书是中国社会科学院社会学研究所社会心理学研究中心“社会心态蓝皮书课题组”年度研究成果《中国社会心态研究报告》的第七本。本年度社会心态蓝皮书战略合作单位是智媒云图和中山大学传播与设计学院。参与本书撰写的专家来自中国社会科学院、中山大学、西南大学等科研机构、高等院校和专业调查机构。本书分为社会认知、社会情绪、社会价值观与社会认同、空间与社会流动和社会心态及培育五大部分。
在社会认知部分，本书描述了民众安全感、获得感和幸福感的现状及其影响因素，探讨了自我类别化对公平感的影响。结果显示：受访者对“安全的生活环境”“社会安定有序”“法制”当前获得感最强，且未来获得预期及项目重要性也较高。受访者对“民主”“公平”“满意的收入”当前获得体验和未来获得预期水平都相对较低，对“满意的收入”“公平”“稳定的工作”以及“高水平的医疗卫生服务”的综合评价较低。鉴于安全感、获得感和幸福感三者间均存在着显著相关，本书提出了防范民众生活风险提高安全感、满足民众迫切需要提高获得感、不断积累获得感渐进提升幸福感的三种路径以提升民众的安全感、获得感和幸福感。本书结果还显示：自我类别化会产生系统性偏差，自我类别化为弱势地位群体的受访者的公平感程度显著低于自我类别化为优势地位群体的受访者。
在社会情绪部分，本书关注了不同职业阶层情绪体验和医患社会情绪。结果显示：受访者的医患社会情绪总体上较为积极和正面，医患社会情绪整体呈现混合型情绪的特征。较之于患方，医方群体的整体情绪体验更为消极。
在社会价值观与社会认同部分，本书考察了社会价值取向和后物质主义价值观两个方面。结果表明：“90后”青年个体和现实层面社会价值观并不对等，他们自身普遍认可集体主义、人文关怀和权利平等的价值，但认为现实社会的价值取向欠缺人文关怀和权利平等。六成以上受访者偏物质主义价值取向，1/3以上受访者偏后物质主义取向，“90后”群体、“新一线”城市的受访者后物质主义价值观更高。职业层级越高、个人收入越高、教育程度越高、主观社会阶层评价越高的个体，更倾向于秉持后物质主义价值观。受访者认为国家发展目标的选择重点是发展经济、维持秩序的物质主义目标，而建设人性化的社会、政府决策中的话语权等后物质主义目标逐渐受到受访者的重视。
在空间与社会流动部分，本书探讨了主观流动感知、关系流动性和迁移者生活满意度。结果显示：受访者的主观流动感知以短距离、向上流动为主，主观流动感知为向上流动、流动幅度越大时，受访者体验到更高的民生获得感，生活质量评价更好，也表现出更积极的社会心态。迁移者生活满意度受益于荣誉价值认同，追求和实现荣誉对于日益流动化的社会来说是一个促进生活满意度的良好路径。城市网民性格具有鲜明的地域性特征，这对于建立城市网络治理体系和提高网络治理能力具有重要意义。
在社会心态及培育部分，本书考察了港澳社会心态，并对如何建构社会心理服务体系提供实践经验。本书结果表明，香港市民对“社会安全”维度的期望要高于“个人发展”维度，社会地位主观认知越高的群体对“社会安全”期望越高，香港市民的压力感最高，安全感次之，幸福感和公平感处于中等水平。中国内地现状与香港市民的理想期待和基本要求存在较大差异，加强内地与港澳的交流接触能够有效促进内地居民对香港和澳门的客观评价。
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