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| 书 名： | 政治人类学评论（第8辑） | ||||
| 英 文 名： | Political Anthropology Review 2018·2 | ||||
| 作 者： | 陶庆 | ||||
| I S B N： | 978-7-5201-4125-3 | ||||
| 关 键 词： | 政治人类学 文集 | ||||
| 出版日期： | 2018-12-01 | ||||
中文摘要
建立新政治人类学就是要创造新范式和认识论倾向，以适应去领土化（deterritorialised）、去集中化（decentralised） 和去规管化（deregulated）的世界。为什么我们需要政治人类学而不是政治学理论，或者仅仅是人类学？正在于它能够超越各种既有框架，这些框架将政治本身蜕变为制度，或在不知不觉中间离政治— 一个抽象介质的领域，在远离情感、身体和真暴力的空虚中制定抽象的原则— 和解决冲突的努力。新政治人类学固然有其弱点，但它仍是培养全球新科学的基础。这种新科学的深度和注意力能够涵盖林林总总的全球性“超级现象”的形态学意义，从新部落主义到气候变化，到超民族主义，到所谓民族国家的衰落，到后人文主义，不一而足。（黄觉，译）
文章列表
水与土都是农业社会的核心资源。由于土的固定性以及长在土里的庄稼无法移动，从事农业生产的人也被固定在土地之上，费孝通据此提出“乡土中国”的理论。而由水的流动性引发的是人与人之间的合作或者冲突，围绕水的利用可能形成一整套勾连国家与社会、历史与现在的社会文化关系。置于乡村社会的“平常-非常”这一框架下，考察分析漳河上游流域、河北省与河南省交界的两个村落间的争水纠纷：在平常的日子里，西山村与东平村的人们通过多种方式形成多样的社会交往，村庄的边界隐于背后；在村落间由于争水而发生纠纷的“非常”状态之下，村落的边界一方面向彼此闭合，一方面向国家力量开放。在此过程中，村落内部并不是同质的，政治精英的个人意愿与实践、政治精英之间以及政治精英与普通村民之间的互动都对国家力量进入乡村的方式形成影响。村落再次由“非常”回归到“平常”后，在非常状态下得以进入乡村的国家权力被村落政治精英以不同的方式进行转化与应对。村庄同时也面临着城镇化与现代化的冲击。国家治理事业原初的目的是改善人们的生活，但因为当地人的实践，从上而下的、设计相对单一的治理方式在实际上带来的结果是两个村落之间的动态平衡被打破。而这种“治理性失衡”即原博士论文题目中“伤”字的含义。
,AbstractEN:,KeyWords:475373,475374,475375,475376,EKeyWords:56967,475377,475378,475379,475380,SubjectWords:,LiteratureId:10622619,Fileref:null,OrderFlag:0,IsLeaf:N,PubDate:null,FindDate:null,IssueDate:null,DocType:null,ProductSeries:null,Doi:null,InstanceID:0,MinNodeSearch:Y,XmlID:b120190102X20184704008_001,Prop1:null,Prop2:null,Prop3:null,prop4:null,AddUser:wanghan,AddTime:2019-02-27 11:03:59.0,ModifyUser:Admin,ModifyTime:2021-11-03 03:32:56.0,HitCount:3,ShowType:putong,LogoID:0,PdfID:10622621,DownCount:3,AuthorInfos:{"牛静岩":{"Address":null,"Affiliation":null,"Email":null,"Role":null,"Photo":null,"Blurb":"牛静岩（1983-），女，山西太谷人，深圳市福田区发展研究中心，人类学专业博士。本文系牛静岩博士论文《渠水留伤\u2014\u2014河北与河南两村落间水纠纷的人类学研究》的摘要剪辑综合材料，原博士论文在原中国农业大学人文与发展学院赵旭东教授（现为中国人民大学人类学研究所所长）指导下完成并顺利通过博士学位论文答辩；本摘要文稿系上海师范大学行政管理学系牛潇蒙、裴雅娜协助剪辑并顺利通过《政治人类学评论》编委会审定，在此一并鸣谢！
"},"牛潇蒙":{"Address":null,"Affiliation":null,"Email":null,"Role":"责任编辑","Photo":null,"Blurb":"上海师范大学行政管理学系
"},"Niu Jingyan":{"Address":null,"Affiliation":null,"Email":null,"Role":null,"Photo":"","Blurb":""}},BookPublishDate:2018-12-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:“水案”中国的治理性失衡——以漳河上游流域的村落水纠纷为例,ISBN:978-7-5201-4125-3,BookTitle:政治人类学评论（第8辑）,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:“水案”中国的治理性失衡——以漳河上游流域的村落水纠纷为例,_RowNo:6随着社会经济的发展和城镇化的不断推进，由城市改造、城中村拆迁所引发的一系列问题已成为当前学术界研究的热点。一方面，政府获得土地财政、农民实现身份转变推进了城市经济发展，另一方面伴随着拆迁利益的存在，强拆、上访、“钉子户”等非和谐因素也给拆迁本身带来更深刻的思考。
选择家乡的一个城郊村作为调研点，记录了从1996年开始历经5次的征地拆迁，目前正在进行规模较大的第6次拆迁。通过运用“过程—事件”研究方法，比较完整地再现了2009年拆迁即第五次拆迁过程，并通过总结，提出了“经纪选择”的解释性概念。拆迁权力结构的权力等级差和信息差，是拆迁秩序形成的基础条件，政府主体在拆迁利益上的自由裁量权就是利益的“经纪空间”。在经纪人的选择上，利益、风险和成本是最重要的变量，血缘与地缘关系、社会资本与政治资本的大小是一种序列性的选择，但在“血缘”原则与“利益”原则冲突时，利益成为拆迁户选择的优先序列。
,AbstractEN:With the development of social economy and the continuous advancement of urbanization，a series of problems caused by urban renewal and urban village demolition have become an outstanding study in academic circles. On the one hand，the government obtains land finance，and farmers realize identity transformation to promote urban economic development；on the other hand，with the existence of demolition interests，non-harmonious factors such as forced demolition，petition and “nail house” also bring profound thinking to the demolition itself. By reviewing the existing researches on rural governance and land acquisition，it was found that there were some shortcomings in studying views on those issues and ignorance on serious local practices for paying too much attention to land system. In addition，emphasizing the peasants' struggling and governments' violent and fixing study views most on pattern of state-rural and government-peasants were the main tends. Therefore，taking the relations of multilevel brought into state and rural society as study subject and explored the dynamic game playing procedures.
The research site is a suburban village in the hometown. Since 1996，it has undergone five land acquisition and demolition，and is currently undergoing a sixth large-scale demolition. Through the use of the “process-event” research method，the fifth relocation process in 2009 was completely reproduced，and through summarization，there are several characteristics that have caused the author's deep thought：multi-agent，multiple broker structure，multiple forces promote. Traditional research generally involves government，rural cadres and farmers，and the author found in the interview that the whole process of land acquisition and demolition is to absorb the group leader，clan elite and other subjects，and nested in the family structure to be smoothly promoted. The logic of the line is expanded，transitioned and linked by the government-township，township-village group，and clan farmers. The game of land acquisition and demolition occurs in the brokerage structure rather than the direct dialogue between the farmers and the government；the promotion mechanism of the bureaucracy. The motive power of the brokerage entity，the protection mechanism of the clan community，and the monetary community maximization logic of the small farmers finally shaped the broker selection in the process of land acquisition and demolition，and affected the game results of the entities involved in land acquisition and demolition. The case of Qianhe Village in Henan was selected as a typical study to “deeply describe” the daily politics that occurred during the demolition process of the village. From the middle，we can see the interaction between the state，local government and grassroots in the process of social transformation. Specifically，in the process of demolition，the interests of the local government are played by the households，and the local government seeks a certain balance between economic development，people's livelihood and social stability in order to better fulfill their own interests. They have to resort to “broker selection” to end this game process. After the district government accepting the demolition task，the district government-township- administrative village and other entities have undergone a series of “trust-agent” type task decomposition，responsibility decentralization，sports mobilization and interest incentives，and finally formed various kinds of institutions and specialized demolition agencies. Mandatory power and manipulative power are not applicable. Utilitarian power and personality power are the key factors affecting the relocated households. The various institutional guarantees and power structures of the district government and the demolition headquarters did not play a decisive role，and eventually had to return to the street office and village community level to solve the problem. This is not only a helpless move to ease the tension between the command and the rural power structure，but also a realistic choice to promote the demolition work. The essence is that the state relies on strong administrative power，intervenes in the private network of interpersonal relationships in the local society，and uses a series of informal rules and regulations such as human relationships，relationships and customs of the local society to achieve the preset goals. This kind of agent relationship is in the environment in which the state's public power is embedded. The grassroots village cadres and the village elites form a formal agreement with the state's formal powers. The traditional rural social rules have been reshaped into a brand new one. The effective “demolition and remediation” has also shaped the rural mobilization mechanism and the “business” mechanism，providing a space of power and institutional space for the formation of brokerage choices. The demolition and implementation of the specific implementation，the demolition of each subject requires a complex and multiple game process. Among them，village cadres have a dual role. They are not only the leaders of the demolition and relocation，but also the stakeholders of the demolition interests. The cadres of the village groups have conflicts with the agency and interest incentives of the government demolition tasks and the villagers' authorization and trust to the village cadres which strengthening Strengthened the brokerage power of the village group cadres. The demolition interests have both an intensified side and a deconstructed side of the demolition order：it can promote the “warming and warming” and “joining and retreating” between the households，and can also be “smashed” by the village group cadres in exchange for interests，and even capture the traditional portal elite. This kind of game relationship even affects the election of village politics and activates the party relations and democratic competition system within the village. The land acquisition and demolition of the administrative village cadres and village leaders will be promoted by the group leader and clan elites，and nested in the traditional “acquaintance society” structure；the government-farmer line logic will be government-township，township-village. The expansion，transition and linkage of brokerage systems such as groups and clan farmers，the game of land acquisition and demolition occurs in the brokerage structure rather than the direct dialogue between the farmers and the government；the promotion mechanism of the bureaucratic system，the profit dynamics of the brokerage entity，and the protection mechanism of the clan community. The same dynamic mechanism finally shaped the broker selection in the process of land acquisition and demolition，and affected the game results of the main bodies of land acquisition and demolition. The various strategic choices made by the various entities around the interests of demolition and relocation outline the panorama of “demolition brokerage choice”.
After the district government to accept the demolition task，a series of task decomposition，decentralization of responsibility and interest motivation were formed，and a variety of systems and specialized demolition agencies were eventually formed.Impact on the key to the removal of households are not coercive power and control power，but the utilitarian power and personality type power.A variety of system security and power structure of the district government and the demolition command can not play a decisive role. Eventually the problem had to return to the streets and village community level to be solved. This is not only to ease the tension between the command and rural power structure，but also to promote the practical choice of demolition work.Its essence is the country with a strong executive powers to rely on，involved in the local private social network of relationships，the rural society of human relations，the custom a series of informal rules to achieve the preset objectives. This “principal-agent” relationship is in the environment of the national public power. Grassroots village cadres and village elites and the national official authority form fit when the traditional local social rules are reshaped as a new but effective “demolition management”. Because of this rural mobilization mechanism and management mechanism，the formation of the broker rules provides the power space and system space.
In demolition practise，various groups involved would carry out complicated game playing among whom village leaders had double identities，namely，guides of the demolition projects and stakeholders. As agent of governments' demolition tasks，interests of stimulus were in conflict against authorization and trust from villagers while developer strengthened their broking motivation. There are both negative and positive influences on demolition order from benefits in it，that is，they could make households to fight together and they also could be used by leaders to persuade the traditional eltes. This kind of game playing could be so powerful that effected rural political election，made alive factions relation and democratic competing system. Group leaders undertaken the demolition gradually by being fitted in traditional face-to-face society and adopting elites like group leaders and clans. In this system，strip and line logic of government-peasant was replaced，transferred and extended by broking systems such as government-township，township-village，township-genes and township-household，so that games playing in land acquisition happened in broking structure but not between households and governments directly. Finally，promoting mechanism of bureaucracy，gaining motivation of brokers and protecting mechanism of clan community formulated the broking order in the process of land acquisition and re-movement together and also affected the outcomes of different subjects there. Strategic choices made by various bodies based on their own demolition benefits had taken on a whole scene of broking rules in those projects.
The innovation of the article is to propose an interpretative concept of “broker selection” with a new research perspective. Broker choice is the relationship model，structure and state of the game between the peasants and the stakeholders in the face of major interest changes. In the official propaganda discourse，“harmonious demolition” has become the symbol of demolition work. This spring and autumn brushwork obscures the grassroots practice logic of demolition politics. The power level difference and information difference of the demolition power structure are the basic conditions for the formation of the demolition order. The discretionary power of the government subject in the demolition interest is the “broker space” of interest；the broker choice is a very state rather than a daily state，brokerage. The basis is that “profitable” can be brokered. Only when faced with the sale and change of collective assets such as land acquisition and demolition，mining forests，etc.，the brokerage relationship and brokerage choice will be manifested；in the choice of brokers，the interests，risks and costs are the most important variables，blood relationship and geography，social capital and political capital are a series of choices. However，when the “blood” principle conflicts with the “interest” principle，interest becomes the priority sequence for the relocation households to choose.
A suburban village in Xuchang City has undergone five large-scale land acquisitions and demolitions since 1996，and is currently undergoing a sixth large-scale demolition. In an ordinary “demolition village” in the north like many urban villages—the Qianhe village in Henan，which has undergone 6 demolitions and completed the demolition process of the village in 20 years，the farmers experienced market growth. The main bodies of the township-peasants have undergone the evolution of “negotiation-resistance-negotiation-cooperation” and finally walked from behind to the front of the stage. Finally，there are still deficiencies in this research，such as insufficient response to the problem of nailing households. The choice of brokerage is rooted in the local traditional values，social networks and power structures，and the individual nail house governance is indeed pointed out in some studies，reflecting the confrontational contradiction between the state and the peasants，reflecting the individual nails. The logic of the particularity of isolation in the explanation of the nail households，due to the limitations of the length of the paper and the difficulty of the research，there is no discussion，but to study the nail households from the perspective of broker selection，this will be a better place for the broker to choose the interpretation framework，and also the research of the nail households. Another perspective，this is where you need to improve.
,KeyWords:475381,345917,406989,475382,475383,EKeyWords:475384,177042,411209,475385,475386,SubjectWords:null,LiteratureId:10622622,Fileref:null,OrderFlag:0,IsLeaf:N,PubDate:null,FindDate:null,IssueDate:null,DocType:null,ProductSeries:null,Doi:null,InstanceID:0,MinNodeSearch:Y,XmlID:b120190102X20184704008_002,Prop1:null,Prop2:null,Prop3:null,prop4:null,AddUser:wanghan,AddTime:2019-02-27 11:04:00.0,ModifyUser:Admin,ModifyTime:2021-11-03 03:32:56.0,HitCount:6,ShowType:putong,LogoID:0,PdfID:10622624,DownCount:4,AuthorInfos:{"孙敬良":{"Address":null,"Affiliation":null,"Email":null,"Role":null,"Photo":null,"Blurb":"孙敬良（1987- ），男，河南省许昌市人，许昌学院讲师，任法政学院行政管理教研室副主任，华中师范大学政治学专业博士。本文系孙敬良博士论文《经纪选择：\u201C城中村\u201D拆迁过程中的委托代理关系研究\u2014\u2014对豫中前河村拆迁的政治社会学考察》的摘录剪辑综合文稿；该博士论文在华中师范大学政治学研究院贺东航教授（现已调任复旦大学社会科学高等研究院工作）指导下完成并顺利通过博士学位论文答辩，本摘要文稿系上海师范大学行政管理学系蒋姗姗、张琳协助编辑完成并顺利通过《政治人类学评论》编委会审核定稿，在此一并鸣谢！
"},"蒋姗姗":{"Address":null,"Affiliation":null,"Email":null,"Role":"责任编辑","Photo":null,"Blurb":"上海师范大学行政管理学系
"},"Sun Jingliang":{"Address":null,"Affiliation":null,"Email":null,"Role":null,"Photo":"","Blurb":""}},BookPublishDate:2018-12-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:拆迁政治的经纪选择全景——以豫中前河村为例,ISBN:978-7-5201-4125-3,BookTitle:政治人类学评论（第8辑）,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:拆迁政治的经纪选择全景——以豫中前河村为例,_RowNo:7本文基于晋西南一个民富村穷的村庄的短暂整合图景，以农村地方秩序中的权威问题作为切入点，运用参与式观察以及运用深度访谈和问卷调查等方法，通过对H村私营企业主协会权威生成及运作过程的分析，展现农村社区治理中不同的权威主体互动的内在机制，揭示村庄整合的基础及其动力。
H村协会的发展优势具有一定的特殊性，在有限地域内也有一定的代表性。私营企业主协会基于声誉机制和实际需求为村庄提供公共物品、谋生机会；在地域性利益共同体这一结构之网中，协会与村民、村庄正式组织以及地方政府展开互动，在互动过程中再生产了与三者之间的结构性的关联，促进了地域性利益共同体的巩固，重构了村庄的权威结构。地方政府对协会实施的选择性管理为协会自主性的获得提供了生存和发展空间；而协会与地方政府通过政治地位和荣誉的赋予与谋求、直接或间接的合作、发展私人关系等方式相互积极渗透和嵌入。协会与地方政府之间形成了一种“相互依赖加警惕”的相对均衡的权力关系。对这一组织权威生成及运作的研究，有助于推进对农村民间组织发展的解释，认清乡村治理的现状以及存在的问题。并且利用优势经济资源的象征作用建构其权威，成为村庄中的替代性功能组织。
,AbstractEN:,KeyWords:475387,475388,475389,475390,475391,EKeyWords:475392,475393,475394,475395,397147,SubjectWords:,LiteratureId:10622625,Fileref:null,OrderFlag:0,IsLeaf:N,PubDate:null,FindDate:null,IssueDate:null,DocType:null,ProductSeries:null,Doi:null,InstanceID:0,MinNodeSearch:Y,XmlID:b120190102X20184704008_003,Prop1:null,Prop2:null,Prop3:null,prop4:null,AddUser:wanghan,AddTime:2019-02-27 11:04:01.0,ModifyUser:Admin,ModifyTime:2021-11-03 03:32:56.0,HitCount:2,ShowType:putong,LogoID:0,PdfID:10622627,DownCount:4,AuthorInfos:{"张芳芳":{"Address":null,"Affiliation":null,"Email":null,"Role":null,"Photo":null,"Blurb":"作者简介：张芳芳（1986-），女，山西省洪洞县人，太原科技大学讲师，社会学专业博士。本文系张芳芳博士论文《乡村权威与村庄整合\u2014\u2014基于晋西南某村的研究》的摘要剪辑综合文稿，原博士论文在上海大学社会学院陆小聪教授指导下完成并顺利通过博士学位论文答辩。本摘要文稿系上海师范大学行政管理学系宋明、林晓彤等人协助编辑完成并顺利通过《政治人类学评论》编委会审核定稿，在此一并鸣谢！
"},"宋明":{"Address":null,"Affiliation":null,"Email":null,"Role":"责任编辑","Photo":null,"Blurb":"上海师范大学行政管理学系
"},"Zhang Fangfang":{"Address":null,"Affiliation":null,"Email":null,"Role":null,"Photo":"","Blurb":""}},BookPublishDate:2018-12-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:新兴组织权威与村庄秩序重构——以晋西南H村私营企业主协会为例,ISBN:978-7-5201-4125-3,BookTitle:政治人类学评论（第8辑）,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:新兴组织权威与村庄秩序重构——以晋西南H村私营企业主协会为例,_RowNo:8近百年间，在中原的一个普通村庄路村持续不断地进行着“麦货会”/村庙的实践，特别2009～2010年间在几位村老牵头下路村村庙得以重建。本文正是一项旨在对上述实践背后的驱动力以及所呈现出来的权力或权威关系给以深刻理解的人类学研究。为此，以实践理论中的“文化图式”概念为理论视角，以“谁在组织这些实践”与“他们为什么要组织这些实践”为研究问题和思考的起点，展开分析。这对于我们理解传统复兴、权力关系以及权威的构建等问题有着理论与现实意义。另外，文化图式的视角还有助于我们从文化的角度来探讨“麦货会”/村庙的持续实践（即传统文化复兴）过程中所呈现出来的权力关系，为理解权力关系及地方政治提供了一种新的解释，即文化的解释。对路村村民文化图式内容及其变迁过程的探讨，深化了我们对农村民间权威的认识，即民间权威或光棍人物对“讲理”观念的遵守，但是随着讲理内容的变化，光棍或民间权威的内涵也随之改变，从而通过对不同历史时期组织和参与“麦货会”/村庙实践的光棍人物的分析，清晰地展示了路村克里斯玛式光棍人物从构建、生产、式微再到消失的这一变迁过程，以及痞子型人物日益出现在村庄公共事务中的这一趋势。由此，从文化构建的角度，加深了我们对于农村社会民间权威的认识与理解。
,AbstractEN:,KeyWords:475396,475397,475398,475399,475400,EKeyWords:475401,475402,475403,475404,475405,SubjectWords:,LiteratureId:10622628,Fileref:null,OrderFlag:0,IsLeaf:N,PubDate:null,FindDate:null,IssueDate:null,DocType:null,ProductSeries:null,Doi:null,InstanceID:0,MinNodeSearch:Y,XmlID:b120190102X20184704008_004,Prop1:null,Prop2:null,Prop3:null,prop4:null,AddUser:wanghan,AddTime:2019-02-27 11:04:02.0,ModifyUser:Admin,ModifyTime:2021-11-03 03:32:56.0,HitCount:4,ShowType:putong,LogoID:0,PdfID:10622630,DownCount:4,AuthorInfos:{"李晓斐":{"Address":null,"Affiliation":null,"Email":null,"Role":null,"Photo":null,"Blurb":"李晓斐（1982- ），男，汉族，河南南阳人；南京理工大学副教授，社会学专业博士。本文系李晓斐博士论文《文化与民间权威：一个中原乡村地方政治的个案研究》的摘要剪辑综合文稿；原博士论文在南京大学范可教授指导下完成并顺利通过博士学位论文答辩；本摘要文稿系上海师范大学行政管理学系常国富、杨帆协助编辑完成，并顺利通过《政治人类学评论》编委会审核定稿，在此一并鸣谢！
"},"常国富":{"Address":null,"Affiliation":null,"Email":null,"Role":"责任编辑","Photo":null,"Blurb":"上海师范大学行政管理学系
"},"Li Xiaofei":{"Address":null,"Affiliation":null,"Email":null,"Role":null,"Photo":"","Blurb":""}},BookPublishDate:2018-12-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:文化与民间权威——路村“重建村庙”的政治学研究,ISBN:978-7-5201-4125-3,BookTitle:政治人类学评论（第8辑）,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:文化与民间权威——路村“重建村庙”的政治学研究,_RowNo:9
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