性别失衡对中国农村人口婚姻暴力的影响研究
书 名： 性别失衡对中国农村人口婚姻暴力的影响研究
英 文 名： GENDER IMBALANCE AND MARITAL VIOLENCE OF RURAL CHINESE
作 者： 李成华 靳小怡
I S B N： 978-7-5201-5457-4
丛 书 名：
新型城镇化与可持续发展
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关 键 词： 人口性别构成 农村 婚姻问题
出版日期： 2019-10-01
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中文摘要
20世纪80年代以来，持续偏高的出生性别比使得中国农村婚姻挤压和男性成婚困难问题广受各界关注。婚姻市场中“男多女少”的供需失衡不仅会影响婚姻的缔结，引发男性婚配危机，也可能会对两性关系和婚姻质量产生负面影响，增加婚姻家庭的不稳定因素。本书利用福建省X市外来农村流动人口调查数据和百村个人调查数据，在相关经典理论的基础上整合并建构了适用于中国社会转型期城乡人口流动和婚姻挤压特殊情景下的农村婚姻暴力影响机制的分析框架，引入性别和流动视角，采用分层统计模型，从县区和个体层次出发，系统分析性别失衡引发的男性婚姻挤压对农村人口婚姻暴力的影响。本书的贡献主要体现在以下四个方面。
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本章主要对本书的研究背景、主要的概念界定、研究目标、研究内容与框架、数据与方法以及章节安排进行介绍。
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学术界对婚姻暴力的定量研究始于美国新罕布什尔大学家庭研究室的默里·斯特劳斯（Murray Straus）和其同事于1975年进行的全国家庭暴力调查，随后发生在夫妻间的婚姻暴力逐渐引起学术界的广泛关注。西方学术界内来自社会学、心理学、女权主义、生态学、社会生物学、医学、流行病学以及犯罪学等不同学科的学者对婚姻暴力的测量与状况、婚姻暴力何以产生以及婚姻暴力导致的社会问题进行了持续深入系统的研究。本章首先分别对国外学者提出的影响婚姻暴力发生的相关理论以及国内外学者的相关实证研究发现进行梳理，其次就相关研究现状进行总结，明确本研究的努力空间。
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通过对已有解释婚姻暴力发生的理论与经验研究的梳理与回顾，我们发现任何单一的理论观点，都不能全面解释为什么会出现婚姻暴力。在20世纪90年代初期，有学者提出借鉴多种理论观点和视角，采用多层次系统分析的方法解释婚姻暴力现象。本章的主要目标是通过对西方已有经典婚姻暴力理论的深入总结与解读，提出一般情境下解释婚姻暴力发生的概念框架；然后结合中国的实际情况，构建适合在中国性别失衡引发的男性婚姻挤压和同期开始的城乡流动的情境下解释婚姻暴力发生的概念框架，并应用到中国特色情境下农村婚姻暴力研究中。
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以第三章城乡流动背景下婚姻挤压对农村婚姻暴力影响的分析框架为指导，本章和接下来的第五章、第六章将基于流动视角，从家庭和个体两个层面实证分析婚姻挤压对农村婚姻暴力的影响。本章主要以家庭作为分析单位，探寻婚姻挤压对未流动的农村家庭和流动的农村家庭中婚姻暴力发生率和婚姻暴力类型的影响。
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以第三章城乡流动背景下婚姻挤压对农村人口婚姻暴力影响的分析框架为理论分析基础，本章主要以男性个体作为分析单位，探寻婚姻挤压对未流动的农村男性和流动的农村男性实施婚姻暴力可能性和类型的影响。
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以第三章城乡流动背景下婚姻挤压对农村人口婚姻暴力影响的分析框架为理论分析基础，本章主要以女性个体作为分析单位，探寻婚姻挤压对未流动的农村女性和流动的农村女性实施婚姻暴力可能性和类型的影响。
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本书在相关经典理论的基础上整合并建构了适用于中国社会转型期城乡人口流动和婚姻挤压特殊情景下的农村婚姻暴力影响机制的分析框架，丰富了农村婚姻暴力及其影响的宏观和微观层次的测量指标。在此框架的指导下，定量探索了当代中国农村家庭发生婚姻暴力的特征，揭示了男孩偏好文化、婚姻挤压结构性特征、人口迁移流动特征，以及个人和家庭特征对中国农村婚姻暴力的影响。
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