中国城市流动人口社会融合评估报告No.2
| 书 名： |
中国城市流动人口社会融合评估报告No.2 |
| 英 文 名： |
THE REPORT ON URBAN MIGRANT POPULATION’S SOCIAL INTEGRATION IN CHINA No.2
|
| 作 者： |
肖子华徐水源刘金伟 |
| I S B N： |
978-7-5201-7707-8 |
| 丛 书 名： |
流动人口社会融合蓝皮书
订阅
|
| 关 键 词： |
流动人口 社会融合 基本公共服务 |
| 出版日期： |
2021-01-01 |
中文摘要
改革开放以来，中国流动人口的总量和构成发生了翻天覆地的变化，流动人口总规模从1982年的657万人增加到2018年的2.41亿人，占中国总人口的18%左右。从流动人口的构成来看，与改革开放初期的临时性进城务工人员不同，当前流动人口的构成以“80后”和“90后”新生代为主，他们在城市留居时间长、工作生活相对稳定，很大比例的流动人口从小就生活在城市，更加适应城市生活，融入城市的愿望强烈。除了进城务工人员，城市与城市之间人口流动比例上升，随父母进城的流动儿童数量增加，进城养老的流动老人数量不断增加。随着流动人口工作生活重心的转移，他们对城市住房、子女教育、医疗卫生、社会保障等公共服务提出更高需求。
2019年度流动人口社会融合评估，聚焦流动人口在城市基本公共服务上的获得，基本公共服务作为流动人口社会融合的核心内容，体现了流动人口在制度和权益上被接纳的程度。本报告充分吸收和借鉴国内外最新研究成果，从流动人口随迁子女教育、社会保障、卫生健康和住房保障四个维度构建了评估指标体系，主要利用中国流动人口动态监测调查数据构建了评估数据库对全国60个城市流动人口的公共服务融合情况进行了评估，在评估的基础上撰写了评估报告。
评估结果表明，近年来流动人口基本公共服务均等化工作虽然取得积极进展，但与本地居民相比仍存在一定差距，大部分城市仍然处于初级水平；从流动人口公共服务融合的不同维度来看，呈现随迁子女教育和卫生健康得分显著高于社会保障和住房保障的现象；流动人口公共服务融合得分在不同城市间差异较大，从城市规模维度上分析，随着城市规模的变化，流动人口公共服务融合得分呈倒“U”形特征；流动人口公共服务融合综合得分与经济发展水平呈现一定程度的正相关关系。未来，要在巩固公共服务的基础上，注重需求导向，提高服务的质量和水平；要在统筹城乡基本社会保障的基础上，根据流动人口的需求，建立优先级别不同的社会保障制度；要多措共举，逐渐解决流动人口在城市稳定生活的住房问题；要改革现行教育体制，破除制度障碍，合理配置资源，发挥学校、家庭、社会三大主体在流动人口随迁子女教育中的作用；不断完善流动人口健康服务政策，增加流动人口健康服务供给，加强流动人口健康教育，提升流动人口健康素养，增强自我健康管理的能力。
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