山东社会形势分析与预测(2021)
书 名:
山东社会形势分析与预测(2021)
英 文 名:
THE ANALYSIS AND FORECAST OF SHANDONG’S SOCIETY (2021)
作 者:
侯小伏 姜玉欣 陈建伟
I S B N:
978-7-5201-8352-9
丛 书 名:
山东蓝皮书
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关 键 词:
社会分析 社会预测 山东
出版日期:
2021-08-01
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中文摘要
本书是山东社会科学院2021年山东蓝皮书系列之一。2021年山东蓝皮书·社会的主题是“站在新的历史起点,开启山东社会建设新征程”。2021年是中国全面建成小康社会、开启全面建设社会主义现代化国家新征程的第一年,也是“十四五”规划的开局之年。站在历史交汇点,审视“十三五”期间山东民生建设和社会发展的成就与不足,远眺未来之路,对于山东新时代现代化强省建设意义重大。
本书认为,“十三五”期间,山东扎实做好改善民生工作,不断加大民生投入,着力办好民生实事,在社会建设上取得了一系列历史性进展。省定标准以下贫困人口全部提前脱贫,高质量完成脱贫攻坚任务;人民生活更加宽裕,城乡居民收入差距缩小;城镇化质量不断提高,新型城镇化使人民生活更加美好;居民消费逐渐呈现新的特点,消费升级满足了人民对美好生活的需求;公共服务保障体系日益完善、能力水平稳步提高,就业总量扩大,就业结构和质量均有显著改善,教育民生福祉大幅提升,疾病医疗保障水平与健康素质不断提高,社会保障安全网进一步扎牢织密;机制创新将党的领导优势、体制机制优势转化成社会治理效能,进一步织密的社会治安网增强了群众的安全感,社会治理的重心下移有效提高了群众满意度,自治法治德治智治融合创新实现了活力与有序的统一,共建共治共享的社会治理格局开始形成。
本书认为,当前山东城乡居民的收入水平与发达省份相比仍有差距;就业结构性矛盾加剧,部分人的就业仍不稳定,质量不高问题仍然存在;学前教育供需缺口大、价格高,基础教育学生负担较重,高中教育特色发展不足,职业教育产教融合有待加强,技能人才成长路径需进一步畅通,高等教育评价改革亟待加快;基本医疗卫生的公益属性还需进一步凸显,公共卫生应急管理体系、重大疫情防控体制机制还有待进一步健全,有利于健康的生产生活方式尚需培育;社会保障仍存在诸多制度性不公平,社保基金多渠道筹集机制的构建必须提上日程,公共租赁住房门槛较高;养老服务体系亟须改变“重城市、轻农村”“重机构、轻居家”的思维定式,育儿成本巨大降低了生育意愿;基层治理体制机制对基层问题的回应性不足,社会协同、公众参与体制机制有待健全完善,重大舆情和突发事件舆论引导还需加强。
本书认为,党的十九届五中全会提出的“十四五”规划和2035年远景目标为新时代山东社会建设指明了方向,明确了民生建设和社会治理的重点任务。从社会结构变迁的角度看,“十四五”山东社会建设将会呈现五个新趋势,它们是:统筹推进高质量经济发展与高水平社会建设,找准高质量经济发展与高水平社会建设的结合点;应对人口老龄化,全方位加强养老服务体系建设;应对城镇化后的社会张力,加强社会治理创新;以消费潜力激发加快构建“双循环”新发展格局、提高人民生活品质,消费升级有望进一步做好;面对科技进步、数据社会的到来,善用数字化技术提升居民生活质量、加强网络治理。
面向山东省委提出的“十四五”治理效能、民生改善“走在前列”的社会建设目标,本书指出,应该把扎实推动共同富裕摆在更加重要的位置,提高居民收入水平应特别注意提高低收入者和农民的收入水平,加大缩小城乡收入差距的力度,从多方面调整收入分配结构;稳定和扩大就业必须强化就业优先政策、创新创业就业政策、完善就业服务体系、健全终身职业技能培训制度、强化劳动保障监察执法;健全多层次社会保障体系,山东应以公平统一、可持续为导向,解决社会保障制度“碎片化”所带来的公平性问题,逐步缩小不同群体保障待遇的差距,健全分层分类的社会救助体系,补齐社会保障体系中社会福利的短板,建立社保基金多渠道筹集机制以增强社会保障的可持续性;要把教育摆在更加重要的位置,既要满足人民群众对高质量教育的需求,继续加强公办园或普惠园建设,采取有效措施减轻基础教育学生负担,又要更好地发挥教育在创新型省份建设中的动力源作用,优化职业教育人才培养体系和培养模式,以高等教育评价改革推动科技教育产业的深度融合和创新人才的教育培养;建设健康山东,要把人民健康放在优先位置,统筹经济社会发展,改革疾病预防控制体系,健全完善突发公共卫生事件监测预警和应急处置机制,大力提升公共卫生服务能力,完善健康山东促进政策;积极应对人口老龄化,要加快推进社区养老服务体系再构,应对老龄化社会的政策向农村老人倾斜,大力发展银发经济;加强和创新社会治理,山东应进一步完善城乡基层社会治理体系,推动乡镇扩权赋能,以解决群众“急难愁盼”问题为导向创新基层社会治理体制机制,加强社会协同和公众参与,统筹发展和安全。
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