中国农民工市民化研究

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中国农民工市民化研究

书名：	中国农民工市民化研究
英文名：	THE STUDY ON CITIZENIZATION OF CHINESE MIGRANT WORKERS
作者：	单菁菁
I S B N：	978-7-5097-4014-9
关键词：	农民工城市化市民化中国
出版日期：	2012-11-01

中文摘要

作者在中国经济最发达也是农民工最为集中的区域——长三角、珠三角和京津唐三大都市密集区选择了一些典型城市，从经济层面、社会层面和文化心理层面对进城农民工的市民化状况进行了深入调查与研究。并得出如下结论：从经济层面看，进城农民工们的经济生活状况仍不容乐观；从社会层面看，进城农民工们正在日常生活中逐渐调整和重新编织着自己的社会网络；从文化心理层面看，进城农民工们的城市适应和社会满意度普遍不高，对所在城市的认同度和归属感不强。

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人口流动的过程实际上就是他们再社会化的过程。尤其是对于那些刚刚进入城市社会的农民，这种再社会化过程是剧烈的，甚至在某些方面是颠覆性的：他们离开生于斯、长于斯的故土，远离了熟悉的乡土社会，长期建立的社会联系因为空间的分离而被强行割裂，来自地域社区的社会支持因为环境转移而被骤然削弱，从小就遵循的行为规范在现代工业化社会中被普遍质疑，一向驾轻就熟的生活轨迹因外出打工而被尖锐中断。一方面，他们为豁然开朗的世界而兴奋不已，对生活满怀着美好的憧憬与期待；另一方面，他们又被浮萍漂泊的生活深深困扰，对前途未卜的将来充满忧虑。

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《中国农民工市民化研究》绪论单菁菁

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本书首先以农民工的城市融入为主要视角，从文化心理层面对中国农民工的市民化状况进行调查与研究，并在此基础上进一步剖析进城农民工的经济生活、社会生活对其融入城市社会并最终实现市民化的影响。所谓城市融入是指进城农民工认同和接受城市文明，在生产生活方式、社会文化心理、思想价值观念等方面全面融入城市社会的过程与状态。

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中国农民工的市民化状况：以城市融入为主要视角单菁菁

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从目前情况看，在城市中找到一份相对稳定的工作并获得相应的经济收入，是进城农民工在城市立足和融入城市的基础性条件。而实现充分就业是影响农民工经济生活和城市融入的核心问题。目前，我国农民工在进城打工过程中仍然面临着一系列就业壁垒，主要包括制度性壁垒、经济性壁垒和市场化壁垒等。这些就业壁垒，不仅使农民工无法在劳动力市场上参与平等竞争，更使他们处于一种与城市社会相对隔离的边缘化境地。

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我们在调查中发现，进城农民工的市民化状况，如社会适应、生活满意、城市认同、心理融入等方面，与他们在城市中的社会网络构筑之间似乎有着某种相当密切的联系。那些对城市生活比较适应、比较满意、融入程度较高的农民打工者，他们的社会联系似乎也往往较多，社会交往对象更广泛，社会网络也更为广泛和完整。而那些对社会不适应、对生活不满意、城市融入程度较低的农民打工者，他们的社会联系往往也较少、社会交往网络也较为狭窄。换句话说，进城农民工的社会生活和社会网络能够在一定程度上影响他们在城市中的社会适应、生活满意度和城市融入状况。

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农民市民化是我国经济社会发展到一定阶段，由工业化和城镇化推动的、与产业结构演进相对应的社会结构变动的必然趋势。它既是社会主义市场经济体制下生产要素自由流动和优化配置的必然要求，也是破解“三农”问题、消除城乡二元结构、推动城乡统筹发展的必经之路，具有内在的必然性和规律性。而根据当前经济社会发展阶段及其客观条件，以促进进城农民工的市民化为目标，对原有制度设计进行相应的调整与改革，是当前我国经济社会发展的内在要求和迫切需要。

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制度设计与农民工市民化单菁菁

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自1996年以来，中国城市化进入快速推进时期，城市化率年均提高1.25个百分点，西方国家伴随工业化而城市化的漫长进程，在中国得以大大浓缩。这种大规模、快速化的城市化一方面为我国经济社会发展注入了澎湃动力，另一方面也因为史无前例的人口转移规模而带来了严峻的社会整合问题。近年来，中国各地政府纷纷开展了促进农民工和谐融入城市的有益探索，而世界各国在城市化过程中也积累了不少促进新移民市民化的有益经验。本文我们将尝试从横向对各国经验进行归纳总结，同时以杭州为对象对地方促进农民工融入城市的具体做法进行纵向剖析。

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促进农民工市民化的经验借鉴单菁菁

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从上述研究分析可以看出，目前我国进城农民工在总体上仍处于“半城市化”状态，市民化程度较低。由于我国城乡二元结构的长期性、市场经济的趋利性和社会利益结构的凝固性，农民工问题异常复杂。推动农民工市民化，不仅涉及城市和乡村，也涉及不同人群、不同部门、不同制度和制度的不同层面，必须统筹兼顾、突出重点、针对问题、有序推进。

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《中国农民工市民化研究》主要结论及对策建议单菁菁

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本文的主内容是外来人口城市融入状况调查表。

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外来人口城市融入状况调查表单菁菁

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本文的主要内容是金融危机对农村劳动力就业影响调查表。

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金融危机对农村劳动力就业影响调查表单菁菁

CommonID:DIR_12312315,ID:2312315,SiteID:14,Type:chapter,Code:null,ParentId:0,InnerCode:133221,name:附录3 金融危机对江苏和广东两省农民工就业的影响10509395,ShortName:,SubName:,EnTitle:Appendix 3：Financial Crisis Effect on Employment of Migrant Workers in Jiangsu and Guangdong Provinces,EnShortTitle:,EnSubTitle:,Level:0,BookId:2311818,AbstractCH:

受金融危机的影响，江苏和广东省的许多出口型企业订单减少，生产开工不足，工作时间缩短。由于农民工收入的相当一部分来源于加班工资，因此，工作时间的缩短，意味着他们实际收入的较大幅度下降。据粗略估算，受金融危机影响，农民工实际收入普遍下降了约30%。金融危机对农民工就业的影响还体现在使农民工的流动性显著下降。此外，金融危机还改变了农民工的供求关系，使得危机之前普遍存在的“民工荒”现象基本消失。当前的劳动力市场供求关系表现为普工供大于求，而技工则依然供不应求。金融危机也使相当一部分农民工面临着岗位转换的压力，在这个过程中，技能培训将起到重要的作用。

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金融危机对江苏和广东两省农民工就业的影响单菁菁

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The thesis adopts system model to study the social network reconstruction process of Chinese migrant workers：On the one hand，the primary relation on the basis of blood relation and geographical relation is still strong tie relation in their social network；The migrant workers obtain the urgently needed social supports in their urban life mainly through the strong tie relation with inborn nature.On the other hand，some brand new social elements-heterogeneous group and interior relation of system are being absorbed gradually into their social network；Along with the way of making a live transferring from agricultural production to non-agricultural production，the migrant workers are gradually establishing the new social tie on the basis of occupation relation and make it become one important parts of social network.The social network established by migrant workers is becoming important capital for them to live and develop in their urban life.

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Social Network and Social Capital of Chinese Migrant ... ShanJingjing 单菁菁

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