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| 书 名： | 风险灾害危机研究（第二辑） | ||||
| 英 文 名： | Journal of Risk，Disaster & Crisis | ||||
| 作 者： | 童星 张海波 | ||||
| I S B N： | 978-7-5097-8754-0 | ||||
| 关 键 词： | 社会管理 风险管理 突发事件 公共管理 中国 文集 | ||||
| 出版日期： | 2016-01-01 | ||||
中文摘要
在今天的全球风险社会和中国高风险社会中，风险、灾害、危机管理的重要性已无须多言。如果说风险社会意味着一个时代性的转变，那么人类如何与风险、灾害、危机共生，就是我们这个时代最为重要、紧迫的研究主题。
南京大学社会风险与公共危机管理研究中心一直致力于风险、灾害、危机的跨学科研究，至今已有十年。在这十年中，中国相继经历了南方雪灾（2008）、汶川地震（2008）、玉树地震（2010）、舟曲泥石流（2010）、温州动车事故（2011）、芦山地震（2013）、鲁甸地震（2014）等重大突发事件，在灾难中前行。在这十年中，伴随着管理实践的进步，我们的研究也在不断发展，从最初的理论引介到跨学科理论框架建构，再到规范的实证研究与积极的政策建言，在探索中发展。目前，南京大学社会风险与公共危机管理研究中心已经是江苏省和南京大学哲学社会科学重点研究基地，也设有社会风险与公共危机管理的二级学科博士点，拥有唐仲英项目平台，形成了稳定的研究队伍，承接了一批国家重大、重点研究项目，这些都为我们进一步推动风险灾害危机的跨学科研究奠定了基础。
文章列表
张海波，南京大学政府管理学院教授，博士生导师，南京大学社会风险与公共危机管理研究中心执行主任。
"}},BookPublishDate:2016-01-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:特约专栏：面向风险社会的知识生产：多学科研究共同体的缘起、形成与发展,ISBN:978-7-5097-8754-0,BookTitle:风险灾害危机研究（第二辑）,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:特约专栏：面向风险社会的知识生产：多学科研究共同体的缘起、形成与发展,_RowNo:3In 1984，the Federal Emergency Management Agency （FEMA） and the National Association of Schools of Public Affairs and Administration （NASPAA） collaborated to foster a community of scholars focused on research and professional practice in emergency management. The intent was to build a community of researchers and professional practitioners who would support improved performance for an increasingly challenging set of problems confronting emergency managers at all levels of jurisdiction. The financial investment was small，but the NASPAA/FEMA initiative led to the evolution of a community of scholars engaged in emergency management research and professional practice. The authors review changes in FEMA since the 1984 workshop and the impact of the NASPAA/FEMA fellows on research and practice in emergency management，placing this initiative in the wider context of public Administration.
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"}},BookPublishDate:2016-01-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:公共行政视野下的应急管理研究与实践：兴起、演变、拓展和未来方向,ISBN:978-7-5097-8754-0,BookTitle:风险灾害危机研究（第二辑）,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:公共行政视野下的应急管理研究与实践：兴起、演变、拓展和未来方向,_RowNo:4欧美应急管理领域在理论研究与实务工作上获得了较快的发展，这与其学术共同体的建设是密切相关的。鉴于学术共同体建设对于应急管理研究进一步发展的重要性，有必要梳理一下国外应急管理领域学术共同体建设的相关信息，为中国应急管理领域发展提供经验借鉴。本文主要从与学术共同体建设密切相关的三个方面出发，即学术机构建设、主要学术期刊以及主要学术贡献等，对欧洲危机研究的现状及其趋势进行梳理与评价。最后，本文从制度支持、研究方法及数据获取、主要学术网络建设等方面指出欧洲学术共同体建设和危机研究所面临的困难与挑战。
,AbstractEN:The rapid development of emergency management research and practice in Europe and America is partially attribute to their booming academic community. Therefore，it is necessary to review of the process of the emergency management academic community development in Europe，which may help Chinese colleagues to seek lessons from the European part. This paper reviews three aspects relevant to the development of European academic community of crisis research，academic institutions development，major academic journals and classics of crisis research. Lastly，this paper discusses the challenges faced by the European academic community in the following three aspects，institutional arrangement，research method and data source，major academic networks.
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"},"徐浩":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":"","Blurb":""},"Lv Xiaoli":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":"","Blurb":""},"Xu Hao":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":"","Blurb":""}},BookPublishDate:2016-01-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:欧洲危机研究学术共同体建设情况及危机研究进展,ISBN:978-7-5097-8754-0,BookTitle:风险灾害危机研究（第二辑）,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:欧洲危机研究学术共同体建设情况及危机研究进展,_RowNo:52001年之前，由于没有一个既有共识的有关国土安全概念、范围、标准与方法之知识体系，因此各大学并没有国土安全名称之课程。9·11事件后，随着国土安全法通过及国土安全部成立，国土安全课程才逐渐发展起来。而国土安全概念也因为国土安全战略报告之提出及接续四年期国土安全报告检讨等内容之充实，才比较明确地确定下来。
,AbstractEN:Before 2001，due to the lack of a consensus of knowledge system about the homeland security concepts，scope，criteria and methods，the universities did not have the curriculum in term of homeland security. After the 9/11 attack，as the Homeland Security Act passed and the Homeland Security Department established，the Homeland Security curriculum had been gradually developed. Moreover，along with the proposed Homeland Security strategy report and the enrichment of the following quadrennial review of Homeland Security，the concept of Homeland Security thus was clearly defined.
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"},"Wang Yu Wei":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":"","Blurb":""}},BookPublishDate:2016-01-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:美国学术机构之国土安全研究及概念发展,ISBN:978-7-5097-8754-0,BookTitle:风险灾害危机研究（第二辑）,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:美国学术机构之国土安全研究及概念发展,_RowNo:6灾害社会学是社会科学对灾害危机研究的重要力量，与其他社会科学相比较，其对灾害问题的科学研究传统最为悠久、学术影响亦更大，经过长期发展，灾害社会学已成为社会学研究领域的重要分支。本文聚焦美国灾害社会学的学术共同体发展演进与趋势，重点对学术共同体的缘起、发展以及理论脉络进行梳理分析，对美国灾害社会学主要研究机构进行一般性的介绍，以求为中国灾害社会科学的研究发展提供经验借鉴。
,AbstractEN:Sociology of disaster is the oldest and most influential discipline of disaster research in the United States. It also contributes a main perspective for current disaster research though there is a trend of multi-disciplinary collaboration. This essay reviews the origin，evolution and development trends of disaster sociology in the United States，focusing on the people，institutions，research contents and theories. Meanwhile，main disaster research institutes and Ph.D. programs are introduced. Finally，some suggestions about the disaster and emergency management research and training in China are discussed.
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"},"陶鹏":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":null,"Blurb":"陶鹏，南京大学政府管理学院讲师，南京大学与美国特拉华大学联合培养博士。
"},"Han Ziqiang":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":"","Blurb":""},"Tao Peng":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":"","Blurb":""}},BookPublishDate:2016-01-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:美国灾害社会学：学术共同体演进及趋势,ISBN:978-7-5097-8754-0,BookTitle:风险灾害危机研究（第二辑）,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:美国灾害社会学：学术共同体演进及趋势,_RowNo:7风险登记已日渐发展为风险管理的重要工具，贯穿于风险管理的各个环节并发挥一定的指导作用。本文在梳理总结了风险登记基本概念与主要内容的基础上，通过对国外较为成功的风险登记实践的比较研究，结合项目管理领域中风险登记的“工具”属性，建立我国社区风险登记工作的基本框架和内容，并以我国社区风险管理为例，设计了一个较为全面和实际的风险登记表。
,AbstractEN:Risk Register has been increasingly regarded as an important tool of Risk Management for its directive role throughout the Risk Management. This essay researches into successful practices of Risk Register in foreign countries based on sorting the basic and main concepts of Risk Register. Then this essay establishes a basic framework of community risk register in China in view of the instrumental property of it. This essay designs a practical and comprehensive Risk Register Form of community risk management in China.
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"},"连捷":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":null,"Blurb":"连捷，中央财经大学管理科学与工程学院研究生。
"},"周玲":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":null,"Blurb":"注：周玲为通讯作者；周玲，北京师范大学社会发展与公共政策学院副教授。
"},"朱伟":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":null,"Blurb":"朱伟，北京城市系统工程研究中心副主任。
"},"Su Jie":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":"","Blurb":""},"Lian Jie":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":"","Blurb":""},"Zhou Ling":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":"","Blurb":""},"Zhu Wei":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":"","Blurb":""}},BookPublishDate:2016-01-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:风险登记：提升我国社区风险管理效率的有效途径,ISBN:978-7-5097-8754-0,BookTitle:风险灾害危机研究（第二辑）,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:风险登记：提升我国社区风险管理效率的有效途径,_RowNo:8物理学场理论提出至今，已经在生态学、经济学、心理学等多个学科领域得到广泛应用和发展。场理论同样对环境风险领域具有参考意义。本文针对环境风险的主要特点，借鉴物理学场理论，探索环境风险场的理论研究。在对环境风险场概念进行定义的基础上，提出环境风险场的四个基本特征维度，进而从环境风险场研究、环境风险场相关问题两个方面入手，分析环境风险场理论的主要研究内容。环境风险场理论研究具有重要的理论和现实意义，它有助于系统整合传统环境风险领域内的重要概念，如概率、损失、脆弱性、感知风险等，构建内涵明确的概念模型，从而确立风险研究的一种新范式，同时也为解决脆弱性等热点问题的量化与表征提供新的思路。
,AbstractEN:Since the field theory in physics was proposed，it has developed and been applied in many other research fields，such as ecology，economy，sociology，philosophy，psychology，and so on. Field theory is also helpful for the research of risk analysis and assessment in the realm of environmental science. According to the theory of physical field，the conception of risk field in the environmental science is introduced at the first part. Then combined with basic characteristics of risk in the environmental science，four key dimensions of risk field including hazard，type of impact，intensity of impact and type of damage are developed and analyzed in details. At the third part，two theoretical themes of risk field in the environmental science are introduced and discussed. One of them is about the research of conceptual framework of risk field and risk overlaying，and the others are the key problems about risk field in the environmental science，such as the relationship of vulnerability and risk，the interaction of perception field and risk field. It is found that the theory of risk field can provide a systemic and spatial convergence of different concepts，such as probability，loss，vulnerability and risk perception. At the same time，the theory of risk field can contribute to explore a new way of risk assessment and risk characterization，especially for the challenges for vulnerability assessment and reduction actions. In conclusion，risk field within the realm of environmental science is a valuable theory and has a wide application with good prospects.
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,AbstractEN:Disaster preparedness （protective） activities are very important for business continuity. However，few studies have explored this issue in last several decades. This paper reanalyzed the disaster preparedness （protective） activity patterns and determinants from a business & disaster research dataset which included 933 business organizations. This dataset was collected by the Disaster Research Center in 1997 from Santa Cruz County，California which was hardly hit by the 1989 Loma Prieta earthquake using mailed questionnaire surveys. Factor analysis results indicated that the protective activities in these business organizations had four patterns：planning/training，resource preparation，knowledge enrichment，and insurance purchasing. OLS regression model revealed that the significant determinants of overall protective activities in business organizations were firm size，which was measured by the number of employees；lifeline loss which was the proxy of disaster disruption experience and decision maker’s risk perception. Also，the variance between different business sectors，especially between the wholesale/retail and Finance/Insurance/Real estate was significant. However，the effects of these influential factors on the four different protective activity patterns varied in the four separated models. Finally，some implementation and limitation of this analysis discussed.
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"},"Han Ziqiang":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":"","Blurb":""}},BookPublishDate:2016-01-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:美国企业备灾活动模式与影响因素分析,ISBN:978-7-5097-8754-0,BookTitle:风险灾害危机研究（第二辑）,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:美国企业备灾活动模式与影响因素分析,_RowNo:10伴随着经济社会的发展，目前全国各类自然灾害事件产生的危害正在不断增大，应急管理工作面临的形势十分严峻。从地理空间而言，我国行政体系的最边缘地带是距离中心城市最远的乡（镇）一级政府，它也是我国政权组织的最末端。论文通过对鲁甸、芦山地震灾区的调研和比较，发现两地末端应急管理普遍存在事发突然性与事前准备不充分；事件复杂性与事中处置能力弱；事后亟待稳定与自我恢复速度慢等现象。这些问题主要是由于我国应急管理体系存在严重的末端脆弱性，具体可归结为暴露性高、敏感性强、适应性弱三方面。为了有效提高我国应急管理体系的科学性、前瞻性、针对性和动态性，增强我国基层组织处置各种突发事件的能力，课题组提出正视我国应急管理体系末端脆弱性问题，加强全国应急管理末端治理，采取“一主多元力量、三级整体应对、四块保障平台、三种能力模块”措施的具体建议。
,AbstractEN:With the developing of economy and society，produces of all kinds of natural disasters in our country are increasing，and Emergency Management facing very grim situation. The paper is based on surveys of Ludian and Lushan Earthquake. We found three conflicts in the progress of Emergency Management in Ludian and Lushan；sudden incident with inadequate preparation in advance；event complexity and disability to deal with things；urgent stability afterwards with slow self-recovery. These problems are mainly due to serious kinds of the fragility in the grassroots of our emergency management system. In order to effectively improve the scientific nature，forward-looking，targeted and dynamic nature of the emergency management system，enhance the ability of grassroots organizations to emergencies，the group proposed to face the grassroots vulnerability of our emergency management system vulnerabilities. Strengthening the National Emergency Management should take concrete recommendations measures —— lord diverse forces，three overall response，four security platform，three capabilities module.
,KeyWords:21049,103752,141189,165559,EKeyWords:6870,103754,327212,165560,SubjectWords:267666,LiteratureId:6723244,Fileref:null,OrderFlag:0,IsLeaf:N,PubDate:null,FindDate:null,IssueDate:null,DocType:null,ProductSeries:null,Doi:null,InstanceID:0,MinNodeSearch:Y,XmlID:b1201601010010405_000_009,Prop1:null,Prop2:null,Prop3:null,prop4:null,AddUser:admin,AddTime:2016-05-11 18:17:36.0,ModifyUser:Admin,ModifyTime:2023-11-06 13:29:34.0,HitCount:26,ShowType:putong,LogoID:0,PdfID:6723245,DownCount:13,AuthorInfos:{"董晓松":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":null,"Blurb":"董晓松，四川省学术技术带头人后备人选，四川行政学院副教授，美国芝加哥大学访问学者。
"},"Dong Xiaosong":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":"","Blurb":""}},BookPublishDate:2016-01-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:我国应急管理系统末端脆弱性及其治理问题研究——基于鲁甸、芦山地震灾区的调研,ISBN:978-7-5097-8754-0,BookTitle:风险灾害危机研究（第二辑）,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:我国应急管理系统末端脆弱性及其治理问题研究——基于鲁甸、芦山地震灾区的调研,_RowNo:11自然灾害是制约发展、影响民生、关系稳定的重大问题。县级政府作为应对重大自然灾害的主要“防御者”、一线“指挥者”、直接“参与者”和救灾政策的实际“执行者”，在应对重大自然灾害中发挥着最能快速决策行动、最能迅速开展救援、最能把握灾情进展和最能落实上级精神的重要作用。当前我国县级政府在应对重大自然灾害的应急工作中还存在着管理机构不统一、法律法规不健全、第四级网络建设薄弱、协调联动工作不畅、社会参与率低、评估体系不健全、监督和问责工作不严等诸多问题。基于此，完善应急机构建设、加强应急保障体系建设、完善社会参与机制和善后机制是提升县级政府应对重大自然灾害应急能力的重要途径。
,AbstractEN:Natural disaster is a major problem which limits the economic development，effects the civil life and is related to the social stability. Meanwhile，county government is the major “defender”，the front “commander”，the direct “participant” and the actual “implementer” of the disaster relief policy，so in responding to the major disaster，it has an huge effect on making the fast decision，acting the prompt rescue plan，mastering the intense situation of the disaster and implementing the actual spirit of the higher level. for the present，there are still many problem of the county government emergency works on responding the major natural disaster，such as the discrepant management organization，the imperfect law system，the weak construction of the fourth web，the faltering cooperate work，the low social participation rate，the delicate evaluation system and the loose criterion of the supervision and accountability. Hence，to improving the county government ability of responding to the major natural disaster，there are several important ways as completing the construction of emergency organization，enhancing the construction of the emergency indemnity system and perfecting the mechanism of social participation and rehabilitation.
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"},"杨文":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":null,"Blurb":"杨文，湘潭大学公共管理学院硕士研究生，研究方向为突发事件应对与应急信息管理。
"},"He Zhen":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":"","Blurb":""},"Yang Wen":{"Address":"","Affiliation":"","Email":"","Role":null,"Photo":"","Blurb":""}},BookPublishDate:2016-01-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:县级政府应对重大自然灾害应急管理机制研究,ISBN:978-7-5097-8754-0,BookTitle:风险灾害危机研究（第二辑）,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:县级政府应对重大自然灾害应急管理机制研究,_RowNo:12
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