中国企业集团财务公司行业发展报告（2016）
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中文摘要
企业集团财务公司（以下简称财务公司）是我国经济体制和金融体制改革的产物，是国家为促进国有大型企业改革和发展做出的一种特殊的金融制度安排。自1987年我国第一家财务公司成立以来，财务公司经历了从无到有、从小到大、从无序到规 范的发展过程。近30年实践证明，财务公司的设立符合我国国情和现代市场经济规 律，适应了企业集团的内在发展要求，顺应了金融深化和多元化的趋势，具有强大的 生命力和良好的发展前景。
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2015年，全球经济呈现深度调整的特征。一方面，发达国家经济总体复苏态势不稳，虽然美国经济增长势头明显，但是欧元区和日本仍未摆脱经济困境；另一方面，新兴经济体呈现明显的分化格局，在金砖国家中，中国、印度经济仍保持7%左右的经济增速，俄罗斯、巴西两国经济陷入衰退，南非经济增速也陷入低谷。
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2015年是中国金融市场风险暴露较为凸显的一年，给金融稳定带来了较大的压力，但是，通过各种政策措施，金融体系整体稳健，守住了不发生系统性、区域性风险的底线。2015年，我国股票市场大幅波动，出现了两个阶段的非理性下跌，经过党和国家的诸多应对政策，股票市场趋于稳定，上证综指全年上涨9.4%，成交量明显放大，波动性也有所加大，风险仍然值得警惕。债券市场在2015年经历了一个温和的“牛市”，债券总指数上涨8%，债券发行规模显著扩大，参与主体结构进一步丰富，市场收益率曲线整体下移。2015年货币市场交易活跃，以SHIBOR为代表的市场利率维持低位，企业融资成本降低。2015年的外汇市场经历了不平凡的一年。“811”汇改后，离岸和在岸人民币汇率波动浮动加大，外汇掉期、远期交易增长较快；2015年人民币成功被纳入SDR货币篮子，向国际化再迈出实质性的一步。金融市场各项改革稳步推进，产品种类不断丰富，参与主体趋向多元化，基础设施不断完善。
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2015年我国经济运行在“新常态”之中，宏观经济和行业发展整体面临较大的下行压力。经济正处于增长速度换挡期、结构调整阵痛期和前期刺激政策消化期，经济转型压力较大。在党和国家宏观政策应对之下，经济整体保持平稳增长，2015年仍然取得了6.9%的经济增长速度，虽然是过去25年的新低，但是，在全球经济中仍然是较高的增长率。
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近年来，在中国人民银行、国资委、银监会、各地银监局等上级部门的大力支持下，财务公司数量持续增加，行业不断壮大，业务加快创新，行业发展呈现朝气蓬勃的良好局面，已经成为我国金融体系的重要组成部分。同时，在相关部门的有效监管之下，财务公司守法经营、规范经营、稳健经营，日益强化功能定位，不断完善风险管控，持续夯实对集团公司、所在行业以及实体经济的支持作用，不断提升服务实体经济的效率。
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第二篇 业绩篇
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第三篇 发展篇
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第四篇 治理篇
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展望2016年，全球经济有望继续缓慢复苏，但是面临的下行风险在增加。在发达国家，经济复苏的差异化导致货币政策的分化，美元在首次加息后进入缓慢加息通道，英国央行预计将迎来10年来首次加息，而欧洲央行和日本央行仍有可能扩大量化宽松政策，由此带来的国际资本的流动和外汇市场的乱局还将继续困扰全球经济金融的稳定。在新兴市场地区，经济增速下滑、国际大宗商品价格下跌以及国际资本外流引发了政治与经济上的不确定性和金融市场的动荡。
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第六篇 专题篇
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附录
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京公网安备11010202003507号新出网证（京）字094号出版物经营许可证：新出发京批字第版0079号
