秦汉奴婢的法律地位
中文摘要
本书以简牍材料为基础，综合运用社会学、法学理论和研究方法，探讨了秦汉时期奴婢的名称、来源、户籍、法律地位及放免等问题。奴婢虽被称为家人，甚至一度作为家庭成员载入户籍，但就其法律地位而言，具有“半人半物”性质的奴婢既不是“室人”，也不是“户人”。与同期的罗马奴隶相比，秦汉时期的奴婢拥有较多权利。在犯罪惩罚方面，其与同时期的庶民甚至贵族阶层差别不大。秦汉奴婢相对较高的法律地位与秦汉社会的特点密切相关。秦汉时期商品经济的发展为社会流动创造了条件，较强的社会流动、较为开放的社会风俗为奴婢法律地位的提高提供了社会环境；政治上专制主义中央集权的建立和加强、汉初统治集团出身的平民化、二十等爵制的实行，国家意识形态领域“儒表法里”的特点客观上有利于秦汉奴婢法律地位的提高。
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