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| 书 名： | 中国城市阶层：北京镜像 | ||||
| 英 文 名： | Urban Strata in China：Beijing Image | ||||
| 作 者： | 胡建国 | ||||
| I S B N： | 978-7-5097-2444-6 | ||||
| 关 键 词： | 社会阶层 中产阶级 北京市 | ||||
| 出版日期： | 2010-12-01 | ||||
中文摘要
城市化不仅仅改变着人们生活劳动的空间分布，而且也从根本上改变着社会阶层结构。随着人口的集中和新的社会分工，新的社会阶层在城市中开始出现。1978年以来，中国城市化快速推进，大规模人口的生活劳动空间分布发生变化，城市原有的社会阶层结构分化，新的社会阶层结构形成，这是过去、现在和未来相当长的一段时期内，中国发展变化的重要脉络之一。本书以北京社会阶层为研究对象，探讨城市化与社会阶层结构变迁的互动、政策体制变迁对于城市化进程中社会阶层结构的塑造、中国城市中产阶层的状况、城市外来流动人口的社会流动以及城市容纳等问题。
文章列表
一般来看，城市化水平低的地区的社会阶层结构更具有传统农业社会的特征，而城市化水平高的地区的社会阶层结构更倾向于现代工业社会的特征。
首先，就工业化而言，工业化通过推动就业结构的变化，促进社会阶层结构的多样化。工业与农业的一个巨大区别是需要高度的组织化程度和专业分工，工业化发展大幅度增加了社会就业机会和职位，不同的职位有着不同的收入报酬和职权，从而影响到不同职业者的社会地位。
城市化一般是指在工业化发展过程中一个国家逐步由农业人口占多数转变为非农业人口占多数、由农村居民占多数转变为城镇居民占多数、由农业国转变为工业国、由农村社会转变为城市社会的经济社会发展过程。
一般而言，当经济发展到一定水平时，消费结构的转变需要相应的消费主体的形成。就现代社会而言，消费的主体集中在城市；在社会阶层结构中，消费的中坚力量又主要是中产阶层。
城市化水平不高以及城乡二元格局，意味着目前中国大量的人口还拥挤在农村，而农村人口占多数的消费市场，是不足以支撑整个经济增长的。
,AbstractEN:In general terms, the level of urbanization of the region of low social class structure has the characteristics of the traditional agricultural society, the high level of urbanization areas of social class structure more inclined to the characteristics of the modern industrial society.
First of all, industrialisation, in the case of industrialization, promotes the diversification of the social class structure by promoting changes in the structure of employment. Industry and agriculture is a huge difference to the height of the organizational degree and professional division of labor, industrialization greatly increased employment opportunities and positions, different positions have different income compensation and authority, so as to affect the social status of different professionals.
Urbanization generally refers to a country gradually in the process of industrialization of agricultural population to non-agricultural population majority majority, by the majority of rural residents into urban residents in the majority, from agricultural country to industrial countries, from rural society to urban economic and social development of the society.
Generally, when the economy develops to a certain level, the transformation of the consumption structure requires the formation of the corresponding consumer subject. In modern society, the main focus of consumption is in cities. In the social hierarchy, the main force of consumption is the middle class.
The urbanization level is not high and the urban-rural dual structure, means that the current China's large population also crowded in the countryside, the rural population accounts for most of the consumer market, it is not enough to support the growth of the economy as a whole.
,KeyWords:369552,3374,3371,2786,EKeyWords:369553,4872,46944,2787,SubjectWords:276640,LiteratureId:7843535,Fileref:null,OrderFlag:0,IsLeaf:N,PubDate:null,FindDate:null,IssueDate:null,DocType:null,ProductSeries:null,Doi:null,InstanceID:0,MinNodeSearch:Y,XmlID:b1201508010010412_000_001,Prop1:null,Prop2:null,Prop3:null,prop4:null,AddUser:admin,AddTime:2017-02-09 09:00:26.0,ModifyUser:Admin,ModifyTime:2023-11-06 14:09:38.0,HitCount:30,ShowType:putong,LogoID:0,PdfID:7843536,DownCount:12,AuthorInfos:,BookPublishDate:2010-12-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:绪论,ISBN:978-7-5097-2444-6,BookTitle:中国城市阶层：北京镜像,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:绪论,_RowNo:3随着中国经济快速发展，一个被称为中产阶层的社会群体在中国快速成长起来，人们也越来越强烈地感受到现实生活中这一社会阶层群体的存在。
沿着社会分层变化的这一趋势，我们看到，因为拥有文化资源与组织资源，往往意味着一个人可以获得收入良好的职业，由此，良好的收入被视为中产阶层的重要特征。
在现代社会中，随着职业之外的生活时间的增加，包括消费在内的生活方式的多元化以及差异性成为区分人们社会性差异的重要标准，生活方式成为区分人们社会地位的重要指标。
同样，中产阶层成员之间的生活快乐感受是有差异的，作为地位更为优越的企业主阶层与新中产阶层的快乐感受是要高于老中产阶层与边缘中产阶层的。
,AbstractEN:Along with China's rapid economic development, social group called the middle class has grown up rapidly in China, people also more and more strongly felt in the real life that the existence of social class.
Along the trend of changes in social stratification, we see that because of cultural resources and organizational resources, often means that a person can obtain good professional income, thus, a good income is regarded as the important features of the middle class.
In the modern society, with the increase of professional life outside of the time, including consumer lifestyle of pluralism and diversity has become an important standard to distinguish the people social differences, way of life has become an important indicator to distinguish between people's social status.
In the same way, between the members of the middle class life happy feeling there is a difference, as more superior business owners class status and the new middle class happy feeling is more than the old middle class and the edge of the middle class.
,KeyWords:65073,176617,24447,EKeyWords:47361,176618,54061,SubjectWords:276643,LiteratureId:7843729,Fileref:null,OrderFlag:0,IsLeaf:N,PubDate:null,FindDate:null,IssueDate:null,DocType:null,ProductSeries:null,Doi:null,InstanceID:0,MinNodeSearch:Y,XmlID:b1201508010010412_000_004,Prop1:null,Prop2:null,Prop3:null,prop4:null,AddUser:admin,AddTime:2017-02-09 09:00:28.0,ModifyUser:Admin,ModifyTime:2023-11-06 14:09:38.0,HitCount:24,ShowType:putong,LogoID:0,PdfID:7843730,DownCount:12,AuthorInfos:,BookPublishDate:2010-12-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:北京中产阶层,ISBN:978-7-5097-2444-6,BookTitle:中国城市阶层：北京镜像,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:北京中产阶层,_RowNo:4现代社会阶层结构的形成不是一个纯自然的过程，而是经济社会等诸多因素发展变化的共同结果。其中，科技进步是重要的因素，因为技术的创新必然引起社会、政治和文化结构与体系的变化，导致城市结构、产业结构、就业结构、职业结构的一系列变化，最终使社会阶层结构发生变迁。
科技进步引发经济社会活动变化和生产力提高，导致产业结构、城市化的变化，进而引发社会分工的改变，最终导致新的社会阶层结构的出现。
而从现实来看，一方面北京专业技术人员阶层的规模在不断地扩大，但是另一方面，这个阶层的成长也面临不少困难，且多集中在社会领域，如民生问题的压力。对此需要在城市管理中加以重视和解决。
,AbstractEN:The formation of modern social stratum is not a purely natural process, but a common result of the development of many factors, such as economic society. Among them, the progress of science and technology are the important factors, because of technical innovation is bound to cause the change of the social, political, and cultural structure and system, leading to urban structure, industrial structure, employment structure, vocational structure, a series of changes, the final result in change of social class structure.
Cause economic and social progress in science and technology activities and productivity change, lead to the change of industrial structure, urbanization, causing the change of social division of labor, eventually leading to the emergence of a new social class structure.
But from the point of reality, on the one hand, professional and technical personnel of Beijing class scale is constantly expanding, but on the other hand, the growth of this class is also facing many difficulties, and more concentrated in the field of society, such as the pressure of the people's livelihood. This needs to be taken seriously and solved in urban management.
,KeyWords:209920,319480,3371,EKeyWords:369554,94064,46944,SubjectWords:276644,LiteratureId:7843835,Fileref:null,OrderFlag:0,IsLeaf:N,PubDate:null,FindDate:null,IssueDate:null,DocType:null,ProductSeries:null,Doi:null,InstanceID:0,MinNodeSearch:Y,XmlID:b1201508010010412_000_005,Prop1:null,Prop2:null,Prop3:null,prop4:null,AddUser:admin,AddTime:2017-02-09 09:00:31.0,ModifyUser:Admin,ModifyTime:2023-11-06 14:09:38.0,HitCount:11,ShowType:putong,LogoID:0,PdfID:7843836,DownCount:9,AuthorInfos:,BookPublishDate:2010-12-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:专业技术人员阶层,ISBN:978-7-5097-2444-6,BookTitle:中国城市阶层：北京镜像,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:专业技术人员阶层,_RowNo:5农民工是今天中国社会一个规模庞大的特殊群体。一般来看，在现代社会阶层结构中没有这样一个单列的社会阶层，因为在现代社会不应该存在这样一个阶层。
农民工群体在由农村进入城市，从事非农劳动的职业转变过程和新的社会分工中也出现了分化。
按人际关系类型，社会关系类别可划分为乡缘关系、地缘关系和业缘关系等。在现代社会中，在劳动分工基础上形成的业缘关系，成为社会关系中的主导。
总体来看，农民工作为弱势群体，在生活与工作中往往会遇到困难或自己利益被侵害事件，然而他们维护自身利益的途径与手段又是有限的，不知道如何去维护自身的权益。
,AbstractEN:Migrant workers are a large special group of Chinese society today. In general, there is no such a single social class in the modern social hierarchy, because there should be no such class in modern society.
The social relations category can be divided into the relationship between the country, the geographical relationship and the karma. In modern society, the relationship of karma formed on the basis of division of labor is the dominant force in social relations.
Overall, as a disadvantaged group, migrant workers often meet with difficulties in life and work or their interests are violated, but they maintain their own interests of ways and means are limited, so don't know how to maintain their own rights and interests.
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和谐社会应当使社会成员，特别是那些社会弱势阶层成员在遇到风险时依然能够体面尊严地生活，而这需要社会保障制度进一步提标扩面，强化对弱势群体的保障力度，将更多的社会成员纳入到社会保障中来。
在打破社会阶层之间的壁垒，促进社会流动方面，要消除就业限制政策，消除城乡分割户籍制度，消除人事方面的制度障碍，增强社会流动中的后致性因素，使得更多的社会成员能够拥有向上流动的可能。
进一步加强社会建设，促进社会阶层结构的合理发育，消除社会流动中的梗阻，协调好阶层间的利益关系，使各阶层成员各得其所，互惠互利，和睦相处，应是北京城市未来发展的应有之义。
,AbstractEN:A country or a region's urbanization process is smoothly and successfully, the key is in the process of urbanization will be able to form a his each people can, belongs and harmonious society, and behind it is to form a reasonable social class structure.
The harmonious society should make the social members, especially those social vulnerable members of the class when meeting risk can still decent dignity of life, which needs further DiBiao social security system covering, strengthen its protection of the disadvantaged groups, to include more members of society in the social security.
In break the barriers between social classes, promoting the social mobility, to eliminate the employment restrictions, eliminate the urban-rural divide the household registration system, to remove obstacles of personnel system, strengthen the social mobility of the factors, makes more members of society to have the possibility of upward mobility.
To further strengthen social construction, promote the rational development of social class structure, eliminate the obstruction in the social mobility, coordinate the interests of the relationship between a good class, according to members of all classes to take, mutual reciprocity and mutual benefit, and get along well, should be the future development of Beijing city.
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