美国社区与居住分异
中文摘要
居住模式是社会结构的直接反映；“谁居住在什么样的社区内”这个问题的提出，即意味着主要根据社会经济地位、族群及生命周期特征进行社区分类的过程。
本书使用人口普查数据，根据基于小地理区域收集的详细信息，引入了人们熟悉但又模糊的社区概念。迈克尔·J.怀特测量了21个具有代表性的大都市区中将近6000个人口普查街区（近乎于社区）。这些大都市区横跨亚特兰大至盐湖城、纽瓦克至圣地亚哥。数十年间，人口普查数据的可获得性，及其对范围广泛的人口统计特征（包括年龄、种族、职业、收入和住房质量）的涵盖，使有关社区间分异的演变和影响的大量研究成为可能。
在由大量不同社区组成的大都市复杂拼图中，怀特发现了其中的主要模式并对这些模式进行了基于时间跨度的演变轨迹追踪，为我们呈现了大量信息，例如，虽然种族隔离程度已有所下降，但社会经济地位方面的隔离却延续下来；人口扩散怎样对社区构成产生持续影响；等等。怀特关于城市居住系统的评估同样阐明了塑造现代城市生活的社会力量，以及困扰其评估的棘手的政策问题。
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CommonID:DIR_50295770,ID:8933825,SiteID:14,Type:chapter,Code:null,ParentId:0,InnerCode:331570,name:第一章 社区与城市社会,ShortName:,SubName:,EnTitle:,EnShortTitle:,EnSubTitle:,Level:0,BookId:8933803,AbstractCH:本文分析了社区与城市社会的情况，首先介绍了社区和社群的概念，结社介绍了社区规模和边界，以及作为政策焦点的社区，继而分析了大都市的背景，最后介绍了社区统计和统计社区，以及大都市区的相关情况。,AbstractEN:,KeyWords:21128,396251,387718,20283,EKeyWords:21130,396252,385218,20287,SubjectWords:,LiteratureId:8933824,Fileref:null,OrderFlag:0,IsLeaf:N,PubDate:null,FindDate:null,IssueDate:null,DocType:null,ProductSeries:null,Doi:null,InstanceID:0,MinNodeSearch:Y,XmlID:b120170801X20152035001_000_001,Prop1:null,Prop2:null,Prop3:null,prop4:null,AddUser:wanghan,AddTime:2017-08-31 14:36:43.0,ModifyUser:Admin,ModifyTime:2021-11-03 02:01:54.0,HitCount:32,ShowType:putong,LogoID:0,PdfID:8933826,DownCount:11,AuthorInfos:,BookPublishDate:2017-09-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:社区与城市社会,ISBN:978-7-5097-9571-2,BookTitle:美国社区与居住分异,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:社区与城市社会,_RowNo:9
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CommonID:DIR_50295816,ID:8933840,SiteID:14,Type:chapter,Code:null,ParentId:0,InnerCode:331575,name:第六章 动态大都市中的社区变化,ShortName:,SubName:,EnTitle:,EnShortTitle:,EnSubTitle:,Level:0,BookId:8933803,AbstractCH:本文介绍了动态大都市中的社区变化，首先介绍了大都市转型的问题，接着分析了变化中的隔离模式，以及变化中的空间组织，继而分析了社区演变等相关问题。,AbstractEN:,KeyWords:396260,396265,396266,20283,130508,EKeyWords:396262,308346,396267,20287,193584,SubjectWords:,LiteratureId:8933839,Fileref:null,OrderFlag:0,IsLeaf:N,PubDate:null,FindDate:null,IssueDate:null,DocType:null,ProductSeries:null,Doi:null,InstanceID:0,MinNodeSearch:Y,XmlID:b120170801X20152035001_000_006,Prop1:null,Prop2:null,Prop3:null,prop4:null,AddUser:wanghan,AddTime:2017-08-31 14:36:44.0,ModifyUser:Admin,ModifyTime:2021-11-03 02:01:54.0,HitCount:12,ShowType:putong,LogoID:0,PdfID:8933841,DownCount:10,AuthorInfos:,BookPublishDate:2017-09-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:动态大都市中的社区变化,ISBN:978-7-5097-9571-2,BookTitle:美国社区与居住分异,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:动态大都市中的社区变化,_RowNo:14
CommonID:DIR_50295838,ID:8933843,SiteID:14,Type:chapter,Code:null,ParentId:0,InnerCode:331576,name:第七章 演变中的大都市结构,ShortName:,SubName:,EnTitle:,EnShortTitle:,EnSubTitle:,Level:0,BookId:8933803,AbstractCH:本文分析了演变中的大都市结构，首先探讨了人口扩散的问题，以及大都市系统的问题，接着是居住分异概览，继而分析了20世纪大都市区的新兴形式，内容包括核心区，过渡带，贫困与少数族群，精英聚居地等内容。,AbstractEN:,KeyWords:396268,32396,66310,396261,EKeyWords:196272,32399,59983,396264,SubjectWords:,LiteratureId:8933842,Fileref:null,OrderFlag:0,IsLeaf:N,PubDate:null,FindDate:null,IssueDate:null,DocType:null,ProductSeries:null,Doi:null,InstanceID:0,MinNodeSearch:Y,XmlID:b120170801X20152035001_000_007,Prop1:null,Prop2:null,Prop3:null,prop4:null,AddUser:wanghan,AddTime:2017-08-31 14:36:45.0,ModifyUser:Admin,ModifyTime:2021-11-03 02:01:54.0,HitCount:14,ShowType:putong,LogoID:0,PdfID:8933844,DownCount:10,AuthorInfos:,BookPublishDate:2017-09-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:演变中的大都市结构,ISBN:978-7-5097-9571-2,BookTitle:美国社区与居住分异,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:演变中的大都市结构,_RowNo:15
CommonID:DIR_50295852,ID:8933846,SiteID:14,Type:chapter,Code:null,ParentId:0,InnerCode:331577,name:第八章 社区、大都市演变和公共政策,ShortName:,SubName:,EnTitle:,EnShortTitle:,EnSubTitle:,Level:0,BookId:8933803,AbstractCH:本文分析了社区、大都市演变和公共政策，作为生产商品和提供服务的网络，美国的大都市区系统对国家的经济发展水平以及劳动者的普遍就业机会产生了重大影响。但是人们针对该影响可能有的或者应该有的可行性争论不休。部分人士认为，一般而言，城市和地区应该是政策实施的主体。例如，支持卡特政府实施明确的国家城市政策的言论就属于这一类。但是近年来，越来越多的研究者认为公共部门应该直接与人打交道，而不是将“地区”作为政策实施的中介。,AbstractEN:,KeyWords:2782,3371,20283,396269,EKeyWords:21338,46944,88160,396270,SubjectWords:,LiteratureId:8933845,Fileref:null,OrderFlag:0,IsLeaf:N,PubDate:null,FindDate:null,IssueDate:null,DocType:null,ProductSeries:null,Doi:null,InstanceID:0,MinNodeSearch:Y,XmlID:b120170801X20152035001_000_008,Prop1:null,Prop2:null,Prop3:null,prop4:null,AddUser:wanghan,AddTime:2017-08-31 14:36:45.0,ModifyUser:Admin,ModifyTime:2021-11-03 02:01:54.0,HitCount:15,ShowType:putong,LogoID:0,PdfID:8933847,DownCount:10,AuthorInfos:,BookPublishDate:2017-09-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:社区、大都市演变和公共政策,ISBN:978-7-5097-9571-2,BookTitle:美国社区与居住分异,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:社区、大都市演变和公共政策,_RowNo:16
CommonID:DIR_50295865,ID:8933849,SiteID:14,Type:chapter,Code:null,ParentId:0,InnerCode:331578,name:附录A 1980年人口普查中小区域数据的质量,ShortName:,SubName:,EnTitle:,EnShortTitle:,EnSubTitle:,Level:0,BookId:8933803,AbstractCH:本文分析了美国1980年人口普查中小区域数据的质量，与其他人口普查相比，1980年人口普查由于以下原因引发了更多的争议：数据精确度、漏统计，及二者对美国人口群体和地点产生的独特影响。这种争议在统计工作开展之前便已产生且持续存在，但现在已经有所缓和。,AbstractEN:,KeyWords:20283,396271,396272,396273,EKeyWords:88160,396274,2948,396275,SubjectWords:,LiteratureId:8933848,Fileref:null,OrderFlag:0,IsLeaf:N,PubDate:null,FindDate:null,IssueDate:null,DocType:null,ProductSeries:null,Doi:null,InstanceID:0,MinNodeSearch:Y,XmlID:b120170801X20152035001_000_009,Prop1:null,Prop2:null,Prop3:null,prop4:null,AddUser:wanghan,AddTime:2017-08-31 14:36:45.0,ModifyUser:Admin,ModifyTime:2021-11-03 02:01:54.0,HitCount:12,ShowType:putong,LogoID:0,PdfID:8933850,DownCount:10,AuthorInfos:,BookPublishDate:2017-09-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:1980年人口普查中小区域数据的质量,ISBN:978-7-5097-9571-2,BookTitle:美国社区与居住分异,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:1980年人口普查中小区域数据的质量,_RowNo:17
CommonID:DIR_50295869,ID:8933852,SiteID:14,Type:chapter,Code:null,ParentId:0,InnerCode:331579,name:附录B 地理概念和数据来源,ShortName:,SubName:,EnTitle:,EnShortTitle:,EnSubTitle:,Level:0,BookId:8933803,AbstractCH:本文探讨了美国人口普查地理概念和数据来源，首先概述与本研究相关的地理概念，以及人口普查街区进行定义的理论原则，并使用表格阐述该原则在本次研究的21个大都市区的成功运用，接着通过此次研究城市的调查结果来阐释这些大都市区如何进行普查分区的过程及如何使用小区域数据，最后简要描述如何找到小区域人口普查数据。,AbstractEN:,KeyWords:20283,163726,396276,396277,EKeyWords:396278,396279,396280,396281,SubjectWords:,LiteratureId:8933851,Fileref:null,OrderFlag:0,IsLeaf:N,PubDate:null,FindDate:null,IssueDate:null,DocType:null,ProductSeries:null,Doi:null,InstanceID:0,MinNodeSearch:Y,XmlID:b120170801X20152035001_000_010,Prop1:null,Prop2:null,Prop3:null,prop4:null,AddUser:wanghan,AddTime:2017-08-31 14:36:45.0,ModifyUser:Admin,ModifyTime:2021-11-03 02:01:54.0,HitCount:9,ShowType:putong,LogoID:0,PdfID:8933853,DownCount:10,AuthorInfos:,BookPublishDate:2017-09-01 00:00:00.0,SearchTitle:地理概念和数据来源,ISBN:978-7-5097-9571-2,BookTitle:美国社区与居住分异,BookStatus:7,AllowDownload:Y,BookVersionNum:null,researchorg:null,CopyRightDate:null,ExcellentPeriod:null,PrizeLevel:null,IsExcellence:null,ContentClass:null,IsDisabled:N,SearchTitle_2:地理概念和数据来源,_RowNo:18
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