In recent years，the construction of ecological civilization in China has risen to an unprecedented new height. The concept of ecological civilization has gradually taken root in the hearts of the people and become a guide for the whole society in production and life. In this context，China’s ecological governance has achieved remarkable results. The system of ecological governance，participation mechanism and supervision and accountability mechanism have been gradually improved. China’s ecological governance capability has been constantly improved，and great achievements have been made in ecological governance projects. The result of index calculation shows that the effect of Air Environment Treatment is the best，the effect of pollution treatment and resident living index is the second，the index of green environment is the lowest but the fastest growing. However，China’s ecological governance also faces four problems and challenges：numerous environmental problems left over from history，contradictions between development and protection still exist，serious fragmentation of ecological governance policies，and still prominent environmental risks and hidden dangers along the Yangtze River. Finally，this chapter puts forward countermeasures to improve the effectiveness of ecological governance in China.