5.1 Actual Effects

As early as in August 1992，only two months after the end of United Nations Conference on Environment and Development（UNCED），Ten Countermeasures for Environment and Development of China（Ten Countermeasures） was promulgated by China. Countermeasure 4 is “Raising the energy utilization efficiency and improving the energy mix”，with its contents of “energy saving is the most effective way to carry out United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change（UNFCCC）so as to control the emission of carbon dioxide and abate atmosphere pollution”. China has been committed itself to economic restructuring，change of economic development mode and energy saving ever since then，with a view to raise energy utilization efficiency and optimize energy mix.

Pioneering earlier in coping with climate change，EU boasts more perfect policies and measures，and has made greater achievements in such field. According to EU Annual Evaluation Report on Greenhouse Gas Emission Reduction，the first 15 signatory countries of Kyoto Protocol will hit the target of emission reduction of the first commitment period of the protocol on schedule，i.e.，the total emission volume will reduce by 8% compared with that in 1990. In addition，the emission volume of another 10 countries is expected to be reduced by 6%-8%. Compared with EU，US，also as a developed country with financial and technical advantages，seems to invest insufficiently in coping with climate change，and US Federal Government puts less efforts in its emission reduction policies seemingly. Depending more on the policies of local governments，market mechanism and voluntary actions of the public in dealing with climate change，US lags far behind major countries of EU in the progress in emissi