During the transition from industrialization to urbanization，Chinese economy is faced with the market of vertical & horizontal fragmentation and shortage of human capital caused by the institutional factors，which become the main obstacles constraining its sustainable growth. As the year 2015 and 13th Five-Year Plan getting critical for China’s “new normal” and new transformation，a main shock of the Chinese economy is on the way，which is rooted in the structural slowdown to its growth by the reduction of labor supply，the decline in investment growth，the diminishment of “Learning in Doing” effect and the change of demand structure. The growth rate of the Chinese economy in 2015 is expected to be 6.9%，while that during the period of 13th Five-Year Plan could only maintain 6% in the case that the contribution rate of technical progress is 30%. The top priority for the sustainable growth of Chinese economy has turned out to be the Total Factor Productivity （TFP），with particular emphasis on effectively improving the productivity in the western and middle regions of China. Therefore，the main methods to achieve transformation of growth mode depend on system improvement and human capital training.