2024年中国高职生就业报告
| 书 名： |
2024年中国高职生就业报告 |
| 英 文 名： |
CHINESE 3-YEAR VOCATIONAL COLLEGE GRADUATES’ EMPLOYMENT ANNUAL REPORT （2024）
|
| 作 者： |
麦可思研究院 主编; 王伯庆 王梦萍 执行主编 |
| I S B N： |
978-7-5228-3747-5 |
| 丛 书 名： |
|
| 关 键 词： |
高职毕业生 就业趋势 灵活就业 行业院校 学前教育 |
| 出版时间： |
2024年06月 |
中文摘要
《2024年中国高职生就业报告》综合分析了2023届高职毕业生的就业状况，揭示了在就业市场总量压力下，毕业生就业选择的多元化和灵活化趋势。报告基于应届毕业生和毕业中期的跟踪评价，深入探讨了高职生的毕业去向、就业结构、就业质量、职业发展、升本情况、灵活就业、能力达成、对学校的满意度等多个维度。
首先，报告显示，面对毕业生规模的新高和宏观经济增速的放缓，2023届高职毕业生的就业选择趋向灵活化和多元化。灵活就业比例增至9.2%，特别是基于互联网平台的新形态就业创业比例显著增长。毕业生就业重心进一步下沉至地级城市及以下地区，占比接近70%，特别是在基层医疗和乡村治理领域。专升本比例趋于稳定，其中20.7%的毕业生选择继续深造，教育与体育大类、财经商贸大类、电子信息大类毕业生的专升本比例较高。
其次，报告深入分析了高职毕业生的就业质量与职业发展状况。2023届高职毕业生的月收入水平呈现稳中有升的趋势，平均月收入达到4683元，超过城镇居民月均可支配收入。制造业产业链集群，尤其是装备制造、化工和能源领域，显示出薪资优势。铁道运输、电子信息和计算机类专业的毕业生在中期职场月收入排名靠前，而航空机械/电子类职业的初始月收入最高。民营企业/个体为毕业生提供了较大的薪资增长潜力，毕业三年后薪资涨幅接近70%。
再次，报告聚焦于工程技术领域行业特色高职院校和高职学前教育专业两类主体，深入分析其人才培养与重点产业、社会民生重要领域发展需求的契合度。在工程技术类行业特色院校中，交通类、建筑类、铁路类院校需更加注重合理调整优化专业结构，以适应行业需求的变化。电子信息类、机电类、交通类院校的培养环节需更好地适应行业发展的新要求，特别是其开设的计算机类、电子信息类专业，课程设置与产业发展要求仍不匹配，教师教学、教材建设、产教融合方面也需有针对性地完善。
最后，报告指出，随着出生人口的持续下降，学前教育领域面临师资供大于求的挑战。学前教育专任教师中专科学历者占比58%，而近年来学前教育专业高职毕业生在该领域从教的比例下降了10.2个百分点。城乡之间、不同区域之间学前教育需求差异较大，乡村地区学前教育生师比偏高，资源配置需进一步均衡。学前教育人才培养需更好地实现规模优化与质量提升并重，不断完善课程内容与授课环节，注重将专业理论知识与学前教育教师的岗位任务相结合，以更好地促进学生岗位所需教育教学实践能力的提升。
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