2024年中国本科生就业报告
中文摘要
《2024年中国本科生就业报告》综合分析了2023届本科毕业生的就业状况,揭示了在就业市场总量压力下,毕业生就业选择的多元化和灵活化趋势。报告基于应届毕业生和毕业中期的跟踪评价,深入探讨了本科生的毕业去向、就业结构、就业质量、职业发展、升学情况、灵活就业、能力达成、对学校的满意度等多个维度。
首先,报告显示,面对毕业生规模的新高和宏观经济增速的放缓,2023届本科毕业生的就业选择趋向灵活化和多元化。随着“考研热”的降温,境内读研比例增速放缓至17.6%,而留学比例回升至1.7%。灵活就业成为新趋势,比例上升至5.1%,尤其是互联网创业的比例显著增长。毕业生返乡和下沉市场就业趋势显著,中西部地区和地级城市及以下的就业比例持续上升。在高端装备制造业的稳步发展中,对数字技术工程技术人员的需求增长至4.7%,显示出制造业高端化、智能化转型对人才的吸引力。中小微民企的就业吸纳比例回升至31%,其中装备制造领域的占比持续上升。
其次,报告深入分析了本科毕业生的就业质量和职业发展状况。2023届本科毕业生月收入达到6050元,超过城镇居民月均可支配收入,与2019届相比实际涨幅为5.2%。工学毕业生以6709元的起始月收入位居各学科之首。律师职业薪资增长潜力最大,毕业五年后,律师职业月收入涨幅可达到178%,而民营企业薪资增长潜力也不容忽视,涨幅达138%。本科毕业生的就业满意度提升至78%,反映出政府和学校就业指导、职业规划服务和就业政策的成效。2018届本科生毕业五年后,“双一流”院校毕业生晋升机会较多,晋升比例为63%,平均晋升次数为1.0次。此外,毕业生的离职率维持在一个相对稳定的水平,但因薪资福利偏低、工作压力大而离职的比例均有上升,对职场健康发展问题需给予更多关注。
最后,报告聚焦于人工智能和小学教育领域的人才培养,分析其与重点产业、社会民生重要领域发展需求的契合度。人工智能专业人才需求激增,但人才培养与行业需求之间存在显著错位。高校在AI人才培养上面临诸多挑战,需要加强产教融合、更新课程内容、增强实践教学,并提升学生的创新和学术研究能力。同时,小学教育领域面临教师供给过剩的挑战,但城乡之间小学教育师资需求存在较大差异,小学教育人才培养需更好地匹配不同地区、不同学科的用人需求,同时也需提升教师培养质量,特别是要加强实践教学和教学能力培养,以适应教育发展的新要求。
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分报告
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专题报告
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