哈萨克斯坦发展报告（2022）

《哈萨克斯坦发展报告（2022）》由西北大学哈萨克斯坦研究中心、西北大学丝绸之路研究院、西北大学丝绸之路研究院中亚研究中心组织专家学者撰写。本报告由总报告、分报告、专题报告和附录构成，系统梳理了2021年哈萨克斯坦的政治、经济、国家安全、外交状况，并汇总了2021年哈萨克斯坦的要闻。

政治方面，2021年哈萨克斯坦政局总体稳定，执政当局具有足够控局能力，在民众中的支持度仍较高。庆祝哈萨克斯坦独立30周年、议会下院选举、新老领导人权力逐渐交接是当年的重大事件，尽管海外反对派比较活跃，但其在国内影响不大，哈国内未出现大的骚乱和动荡。年内强力部门加大反腐败调查力度，取得较好效果。不过，受“双核政治”影响，政治发展前景不明，国家管理效率不高，各级干部抱怨情绪有所增加。

经济方面，尽管2021年上半年因国际油价下跌而财政收入下降，中期因德尔塔病毒而疫情防控收紧，但从全年宏观经济的主要指标看，哈经济已止跌回升，各领域经济活动回暖，逐渐克服新冠肺炎疫情的影响。但受外部环境影响，哈萨克斯坦经济增长基础较脆弱，不确定风险依然较大。哈央行认为，促进哈经济增长的主要因素是疫情管控放松、各领域经济活动逐渐恢复，影响经济增长的不利因素主要有国际油价变动、通胀和本币贬值压力大、外资出走和融资难度加大。

国家安全方面，2021年哈萨克斯坦安全形势总体可控，未发生大的安全事件。新冠肺炎疫情形势相比2020年有所好转，相关疫情限制措施局部依然存在，国内治安形势相对好转，暴恐和极端势力难以实施袭击活动。哈政府认为，受外部不稳定环境的影响，国家领土完整和主权面临的威胁越来越大，信息安全压力越来越大，极端势力的宣传和招募依然活跃。

外交方面，哈萨克斯坦独立后，作为积极且负责的国际社会参与者，奉行多元、平衡和务实的外交政策，与各国发展友好合作关系。2020年3月发布《2020～2030年哈萨克斯坦外交政策纲要》，结合变化了的国际国内形势，以巩固伙伴关系和预防性外交为重点，确定区域国别政策方针是与俄罗斯发展联盟关系，与中国发展永久全面战略伙伴关系，与美国发展扩大的战略伙伴关系，与周边中亚国家发展战略协作关系，与欧盟及其成员国发展扩大的伙伴关系。在此战略指导下，哈继续实行多元平衡的实用外交政策。从2021年的实践看，哈总体上在落实执行此政策，但鉴于新冠肺炎疫情持续、阿富汗政局变化等国际环境影响，哈外交实践的平衡难度越来越大，对俄罗斯的依赖实际上在增强。

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总报告

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分报告

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专题报告

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附录

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书名：	哈萨克斯坦发展报告（2022）
英文名：	ANNUAL DEVELOPMENT REPORT OF KAZAKHSTAN （2022）
作者：	卢山冰王静蔡艳彬李刚
I S B N：	978-7-5228-1576-3
丛书名：	哈萨克斯坦蓝皮书订阅
关键词：	哈萨克斯坦社会经济国家安全
出版日期：	2023-04-01