中国未成年人互联网运用报告（2025）
中文摘要
随着人工智能技术的发展，AI产品日益融入未成年人学习与生活场景，未成年人的互联网运用呈现更加复杂、多元的结构性特征，对未成年人互联网运用的保护机制和治理能力提出了更高要求。未成年人的互联网运用是关系网络强国建设和未成年人成长发展的重大战略问题，也是全社会广泛关切的核心议题。中国未成年人互联网运用状况调查自2006年启动，截至2024年3月已完成12次全国抽样调查。本书为青少年蓝皮书的第11部，基于第12次调查数据和本领域专家学者的专项研究，对中国未成年人互联网运用的最新趋势进行了系统呈现，对未成年人AI设备与应用的使用现状进行了总结，对网络保护规制与政策治理的实际成效进行了梳理，同时对未成年人的网络素养水平与网络参与情况进行了深入分析。
当前，人工智能技术深度嵌入未成年人的日常生活，其运用方式逐渐由工具型使用转向陪伴型使用，在家庭、学校与平台之间形成联动共生的新格局。本书结合最新专项研究，重点呈现了未成年人使用AI学习机、智能手表、语音机器人等设备的现状，揭示了不同年龄段、不同地区未成年人在使用频率、动机和场景上的显著差异，体现出未成年人数字能力发展的阶段性与地域性特征。同时，本报告关注未成年人在数字环境中的健康状况与心理风险，指出沉浸式使用、社交压力和算法推荐等因素对其行为习惯和认知建构带来的影响，强调家庭“数字反哺”现象与家校平台协同治理机制在保护体系中的重要作用。在网络素养方面，本报告通过对未成年人信息获取能力、表达行为与职业认知等方面的分析，展示了未成年人从工具使用者向社会参与者发展的潜力与挑战。城乡未成年人在教育资源与认知结构上，具有明显的鸿沟。
本书研究发现：①人工智能设备在未成年人日常学习与生活中普及程度不断提升，AI学习机、智能手表等产品在城市未成年人中应用较广，农村地区也逐步扩大接触范围，使用目的涵盖学习辅导、语音互动和日常陪伴等；②手机依然是未成年人最常用的上网设备，娱乐动机主导未成年人网络使用场景，短视频、社交媒体和在线游戏构成其核心网络活动；③“未成年人模式”作为平台管理机制的关键形式，已覆盖主流平台，具有统一的内容过滤、使用时长控制等功能，6岁以上未成年人的网络安全意识随年龄显著增强，自我保护能力逐步显现；④未成年人在数字环境中表现出较强的信息表达与内容创作意愿，AI工具被广泛用于作文生成、视频剪辑、知识问答等场景，尤其是城市地区14～18岁群体，在使用多样性与技术掌握度方面表现突出。
未成年人互联网运用存在的主要问题：①人工智能设备精准赋能不足，城乡未成年人使用目的分化显著，教育功能发挥有限；②数字内容结构失衡，未成年人健康与心理风险防护能力薄弱，沉浸使用现象普遍；③网络保护机制缺乏分龄治理精度，平台、家庭与学校之间协同机制缺失，治理体系断裂；④网络素养与表达能力发展不均，城乡差距明显，认知结构和参与深度有待优化、提升。
本书的主要建议包括：①推动AI产品精准赋能建设，鼓励设备企业开发分龄、分场景的教育功能，提升未成年人智能化成长支持力；②强化数字健康保护机制，建立基于行为识别与心理干预的风险识别系统，实现网络使用的动态调节与疏导；③构建精准化网络安全治理体系，推动“成长型未成年人模式”建设，提升平台分龄推荐与权限管理能力，形成家庭—学校—平台的协同共治格局；④加强网络素养教育体系建设，推进表达能力、逻辑思维与职业认知的系统性培养，缩小城乡数字鸿沟，助力未成年人全面发展。
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