北京高质量发展报告（2025）
| 书 名： |
北京高质量发展报告（2025） |
| 英 文 名： |
REPORT ON HIGH-QUALITY DEVELOPMENT OF BEIJING （2025）
|
| 作 者： |
伍建民 贾品荣 窦晓铭 著 |
| I S B N： |
978-7-5228-5910-1 |
| 丛 书 名： |
|
| 关 键 词： |
高质量发展 “专精特新”中小企业 北京经济 |
| 出版时间： |
2025年09月 |
中文摘要
高质量发展是体现新发展理念的发展，是全面建设社会主义现代化国家的首要任务。当前，高质量发展的着重点在于加快实现高水平科技自立自强，扎实推动科技创新和产业创新深度融合，加快培育发展新质生产力。为更好贯彻党中央和北京市的决策部署，北京市科学技术研究院联合清华大学、对外经济贸易大学、北京工业大学、首都经济贸易大学、北京航空航天大学等高校，持续开展“创新驱动首都高质量发展”的系统性研究，持续举办首都高质量发展研讨会，发布“北京高质量发展蓝皮书”。
2025版《北京高质量发展报告》延续总报告、专题报告、战略报告的框架结构，由11篇报告组成。总报告梳理2024年北京高质量发展政策成效与困难挑战；延续效率、效益、效益协同三维逻辑，从经济、社会、生态、创新、文化、治理6个维度优化城市高质量发展评价指标体系；测算并比较分析2017～2023年北京高质量发展水平与相对优势。创新点主要集中于以下三个方面。一是扩展研究对象范围，由全国GDP 50强城市扩展至全国318个地级及以上城市，增加了数据信息量，进而更加充分地比较观察北京的发展地位、机遇与挑战。二是提出创新发展、制度优化、绿色发展、协同发展等城市高质量发展实现路径。三是在微观、中观、宏观层面系统前瞻“十五五”，综合布局城市高质量发展战略。专题报告聚焦北京市“专精特新”中小企业高质量发展，在政策、管理、战略、金融、制度多层面多视角探讨“专精特新”中小企业发展质量，并研判其高质量发展趋势。战略报告的主题为“提升质量和做大总量”，提出十大激励约束机制，阐释创新驱动是扩大内需的有效途径，剖析北京人工智能产业高质量发展历程、现状、趋势。
根据本书的框架结构归纳总结，主要建树包括以下三个方面。
第一，六大维度支撑高质量发展全局，69个二级指标测度北京发展质量。研究得出以下三点结论。一是2017～2023年北京高质量发展指数稳步提升，由0.710上升至0.860。二是2023年北京高质量发展指数在全国地级及以上城市中领先，治理维度、创新维度、经济维度的贡献度相对较大，且均超过平均贡献度（16.67%）。三是2023年高质量发展指数前十名依次为北京、上海、深圳、杭州、广州、无锡、南京、厦门、苏州、宁波，呈现六大共性特征：经济实力强劲，产业结构高端，发展动能引领全国；民生福祉持续增进，公共服务优质均衡；生态文明纵深推进，绿色转型成效凸显；创新能力突出，具备良好的创新生态环境；文化底蕴深厚，“文化+科技”融合赋能发展；社会治理效能显著，治理体系高效。
第二，围绕“专精特新”中小企业高质量发展，本书得出以下七点主要结论。一是2019～2023年北京市“专精特新”中小企业高质量发展指数快速提升，在创新发展、协同发展和融合发展方面具有优势。二是北京市政府逐年提高“专精特新”中小企业研发补贴金额，通过降低企业融资成本、提高供应链效率、加快数字化转型和培育耐心资本等提升企业创新绩效。三是提出技术迭代型（I型）、产品创新协调型（Y型）和应用场景拓展型（O型）三类企业发展模式，北京“专精特新”中小企业的选择受到本地政策环境、产业链特征、资源禀赋的影响，受益于政策支持有力，教育、科技人才资源优势。四是北京“专精特新”中小企业通过创新发展战略、数字化转型战略、国际化发展战略、绿色发展战略实现高质量发展，未来将构建“复合战略体系—动态调整层级—多维协同机制”的提升框架。五是耐心资本形成功能定位不同、覆盖企业发展全周期的资金矩阵，通过引导技术迭代、支持产品创新、辅助市场扩张助力“专精特新”中小企业培育。六是为构建“专精特新”中小企业发展壮大机制，应按照微观主体—中观集群—宏观环境的视角，从动力机制、协同机制、环境机制三方面系统布局。七是面向“十五五”，“专精特新”中小企业高质量发展呈现九大趋势：面向新质生产力、拓展技术创新深度、加速实现进口替代、领跑新赛道面向高精尖、深化数字化转型应用、有效嵌入产业链、以耐心资本助力发展、展现ESG实践、实现企业Y型增长。
第三，围绕“提升质量和做大总量”，本书得出以下主要结论：应以整体政绩考核、动态绩效考评、新领域新赛道制度供给、国有企业核心竞争力培育、民营企业自主创新支撑、正向引导与负向约束组合、企业节能降耗、企业发展的良币运行、实体经济和数字经济深度融合、现代服务业和先进制造业深度融合十大激励约束机制提升质量和做大总量。
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