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中国政治参与报告(2014)

书 名: 中国政治参与报告(2014)
英 文 名: ANNUAL REPORT ON POLITICAL PARTICIPATION IN CHINA (2014)
作 者:  房宁 周庆智 杨海蛟 史卫民
I S B N: 978-7-5097-6038-3
丛 书 名: 政治参与蓝皮书 订阅
关 键 词:  公民 参与管理 研究报告 中国 2014
出版日期: 2014-07-01

中文摘要

基层群众自治制度是中国的基本政治制度之一,为了解中国公民的基层群众自治的参与情况,民政部基层政权和社区建设司、中国社会科学院政治学研究所、中国社会科学院调查与数据信息中心于2013年联合进行了全国性的“城镇社区建设与居民自治”问卷调查和“农村社区建设与村民自治”问卷调查,本书反映的就是基于2013年问卷调查的自治参与情况。全书分为上、下两编,上编介绍城镇居民的参与情况,下编介绍农村居民的参与情况。

按照问卷调查设计的客观参与指标体系评估,以10分的分值为标准,城镇居民的社区建设和居民自治参与客观状况的总体得分为5.14分,处于中等水平;在主观参与方面,以5分的分值为标准,显示的是城镇居民的“居民自治参与意愿”(3.54分)和“居民自治参与效能”(3.36分)的得分处于较高水平,“居民自治参与满意度”(2.94分)的得分处于中等水平。调查还显示,城镇居民对社区居民委员会和社区党组织的工作满意度较高,对社区层面的“六大建设”和权利保障水平也给了较高的评价,并认为在发展城镇社区建设与居民自治中应该重点解决“开展社区建设和居民自治经费不足”、“社区建设无法满足居民公共服务需求”、“居民对社区建设与居民自治关心不够”等问题。应该注意的是,在城镇社区建设和居民自治参与中,因性别、民族、学历等不同产生的群体性差异不显著,但是因年龄、政治面貌、单位、社区内任职、收入等不同产生的群体性差异较为显著;尤其是享受城镇居民最低生活保障的居民,参与的客观水平高于不享受低保的居民,参与的满意度也高于不享受低保的居民,对社区居民委员会和社区党组织工作及“六大建设”的满意度,也高于不享受低保的居民。

按照问卷调查设计的客观参与指标体系评估,以10分的分值为标准,农村居民的村民自治和农村社区建设参与客观状况的总体得分为4.32分,处于中等偏下水平;在主观参与方面,以5分的分值为标准,显示的是农村居民的“村民自治参与意愿”(3.46分)和“村民自治参与效能”(3.30分)的得分处于较高水平,“村民自治参与满意度”(2.96分)的得分处于中等水平。农村居民对村民委员会和村级党组织的工作满意度较高,对农村的“六大建设”和权利保障水平也给了较高的评价,并认为在发展村民自治和农村社区建设中应该重点解决“村民对村民自治关心不够”、“开展村民自治和社区建设经费不足”、“农村社区建设目标不明确”等问题。在村民自治和农村社区建设中,因性别、民族、年龄、学历、政治面貌、村内任职、主要从事工作(务农与非务农)的不同,产生的群体性差异较为显著;因收入不同和是否享受农村最低生活保障,则未产生显著的群体性差异。

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