菲律宾发展报告（2020～2021）
| 书 名： |
菲律宾发展报告（2020～2021） |
| 英 文 名： |
ANNUAL REPORT ON DEVELOPMENT OF PHILIPPINES （2020-2021）
|
| 作 者： |
张宇权 王惟晋 冯雷 蔡艳君 |
| I S B N： |
978-7-5228-0150-6 |
| 丛 书 名： |
菲律宾蓝皮书
订阅
|
| 关 键 词： |
菲律宾 新冠肺炎 对外关系 政治 经济 |
| 出版日期： |
2022-11-01 |
中文摘要
2020～2021年，新冠肺炎疫情的冲击给菲律宾的国家建设带来巨大挑战。杜特尔特政府在原有国家发展战略的基础上作出一系列调整并取得重要进展，但也存在一些问题。具体而言，在新冠肺炎疫情防控方面，新冠肺炎疫情暴发后，杜特尔特政府虽然反应迅速，措施果断，但受制于医疗卫生水平，加上卫生部门出现腐败丑闻，疫情控制并没有取得理想效果。在经济与社会方面，由于新冠肺炎疫情的影响，国家经济下滑，就业恶化，财政负担加重。在新冠肺炎疫情冲击下，菲律宾旅游业不得已进入“搁浅”状态，旅游人数和收入严重萎缩，旅游企业普遍面临巨大债务甚至倒闭危机，旅游从业人员大批量失业。因此，杜特尔特政府不得不调整国家短期发展计划，努力实现经济复苏。在国内政治与安全方面，杜特尔特政府平息了其执政联盟内部就众议长职位的矛盾风波，其领导的执政联盟的政治地位依旧牢固。在地方层面，邦萨摩洛自治区政府颁布了未来发展蓝图，积极招商引资改善营商环境，改善社区公共服务水平。杜特尔特政府努力维持稳定政治局势、有效应对安全问题和缓解国内矛盾，其支持率一直保持在较高的水平。在国防建设方面，由于发展基础薄弱，而疫情防控形势严峻又进一步挤占国防部门推进军事现代化发展所需要的资源，菲律宾国防部门现阶段仍需大量依赖外部技术、资金、装备支持，离实现真正的防务自主化还有很长的距离。在对外关系方面，杜特尔特政府外交政策日臻成熟，在坚持战略自主的同时调整美菲关系、增强与东盟的经济合作、拓展非传统伙伴关系网络。菲美军事合作曾因菲律宾单方面提出废止《访问部队协议》而严重受挫，但两国防务关系未发生根本性倒退，两国军事合作还有所增强。此外，美对菲在突发灾害以及经济社会方面的援助有效巩固了菲美同盟的社会基础，菲国内民调数据也反映出两国关系回暖有一定的民意基础。在中菲关系方面，杜特尔特政府努力维持两国间良好的发展势头，但面临拜登上台对两国关系的冲击。在国际大变局的背景之下，菲律宾面临诸多挑战，迫切需要作出正确选择、进行有效应对。
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