On the basis of summarizing the new policies and measures introduced in 2021，as well as the new achievements and new progress，this paper focuses on the existing problems and challenges in realizing high-level scientific and technological self-reliance，and puts forward that we should speed up the improvement of the strategic，overall and systematic layout plan for scientific and technological self-reliance，strengthen the top-level design of strategic science and technology，and explore the effective path and starting point of the new national system；We should deepen the reform of the scientific and technological system，explore institutional innovation，drive scientific and technological innovation，and form a “two wheel drive” effect；We should get rid of the misunderstanding of balanced development and concentrate on building an innovative strategic highland by relying on mega economic central cities；We should unblock the industrial chain of innovation and entrepreneurship，and promote the integration of industrial chain innovation chain，science and education and Industry University Research Fund；We should give full play to the traction of the super large-scale market on global supply and innovate new paths and models of international scientific and technological cooperation.