大洋洲发展报告（2022～2023）
| 书 名： |
大洋洲发展报告（2022～2023） |
| 英 文 名： |
ANNUAL REPORT ON DEVELOPMENT OF OCEANIA （2022-2023）
|
| 作 者： |
费晟 徐桑奕 王学东 许少民 |
| I S B N： |
978-7-5228-3128-2 |
| 丛 书 名： |
大洋洲蓝皮书
订阅
|
| 关 键 词： |
大洋洲 经济恢复 外交策略 大国博弈 |
| 出版日期： |
2024-02-01 |
中文摘要
2022年，国际局势颇为复杂，大洋洲国家在经济、政治、外交等领域不断进行摸索和调整。
经济上，大洋洲国家都尝试从疫情的影响中走出，寻找新的增长点。随着《区域全面经济伙伴关系协定》（RCEP）的正式生效，澳大利亚和新西兰的对外贸易增长有了新的动力，它们在大洋洲国家对外贸易中占据绝大部分份额。然而，即便对外贸易在疫情期间持续增长，大洋洲国家的经济发展仍然面临挑战。国际能源与原材料的价格上涨、国内通胀危机、政府应对措施的相对滞后等因素，都使得各界对大洋洲国家经济的前景存有疑虑。
政治上，不少大洋洲国家在2022年经历了换届选举，新政府执政的成效还有待观察。在澳大利亚，新冠疫情的反复与经济的衰退加深了民众对莫里森政府的不满，从而终止了保守派阵营长达9年的执政，工党政府重新执政，阿尔巴尼斯当选为总理。在新西兰，通货膨胀和犯罪率的问题成为主要的内政焦点，这也引发了国内不同党派之间的相互攻讦。在斐济近年来“竞争最为激烈的一届大选”中，人民联盟党的兰布卡最终胜出，组建首个联合政府。这表明，在后疫情时代，大洋洲国家的国内政治局面面临重组，政治秩序亦亟待调整。
外交上，大洋洲国家继续在大国博弈的国际环境下进行着政策调适。在澳大利亚，工党政府的重新执政，使其外交政策出现了若干调整。它一方面持续优化与美国等传统盟友在“印太地区”的战略布局；另一方面也缓和紧张多年的中澳关系，逐步恢复两国正常的互动。新西兰则仍然保持其独立外交，强调和突出民主自由的价值观原则，并试图强化与太平洋岛国的亲密外交关系。与此同时，太平洋岛国也在大国博弈中表现出谨慎态度；在对内稳定政局、发展经济的基础上，推动外部的双边或多边合作，并在国际舞台上主动发声，或仍是其未来外交事务推进的主流。
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