The term “socially disadvantaged group”738256 is not a constitutional concept，strictly speaking，and there is no such a legal subject in the legal system. It is only a concept in systematic theory determined according to the values of the system and is aimed at redressing the insufficiencies of the system in the protection of human rights by establishing a certain legal mechanism. Therefore，the establishment of an effective legal system for the protection of socially disadvantaged groups is the key to carrying out the fundamental strategy of “to rule the country according to law，in order to build a socialist country under the rule of law”，is an important step towards promoting the socialist principle of human rights protection，and is an important task for theoretical legal research，particularly constitutional research. The legal protection of socially disadvantaged groups is not above all something within the scope of social security，but rather is about the realization of human rights. Through a jurisprudential research about the judicial protection of socially disadvantaged groups，the paper seeks to state that the legal protection of socially disadvantaged groups embodies the socialist principle of human rights protection，is a practical way of realizing the basic human rights and civil rights enshrined in the Chinese Constitution and law，and is an important value basis and a basic component of the human rights system in China.