中国城市发展报告No.11
| 书 名： |
中国城市发展报告No.11 |
| 英 文 名： |
ANNUAL REPORT ON URBAN DEVELOPMENT OF CHINA No.11
|
| 作 者： |
潘家华 单菁菁 武占云 |
| I S B N： |
978-7-5201-3508-5 |
| 丛 书 名： |
城市蓝皮书
订阅
|
| 关 键 词： |
城市经济 经济发展 城乡变革 |
| 出版日期： |
2018-09-01 |
中文摘要
土地是万物之母，无论是经济社会发展还是人们的生产生活，都需要有作为空间载体的土地支撑和持续供给。改革开放以来，我国城镇化和经济发展呈现高度依赖土地的特征，虽然推动了经济的高速发展，但也导致城市土地无序蔓延、农村土地大量荒废、土地利用效率低下、征地拆迁矛盾、生态环境破坏等一系列社会环境问题。当前，中国经济已经由高速增长阶段转向高质量发展阶段，加强国土治理、优化土地开发方式、提升土地利用效能成为新时期的重要任务。党的十九大报告也强调，要构建国土空间开发保护制度，推进国土综合治理。
《中国城市发展报告No.11》（以下简称《报告》）以“大国治土之城乡变革”为主题，紧密结合十九大精神，共设计了总报告、综合篇、国土规划篇、国土整治篇、城乡改革篇、国际经验篇、大事记7个篇章，分专题深入分析了我国国土开发利用和土地治理管理的现状及问题，系统评价中国城市健康发展状况，并结合国际经验，提出了“大国治土”的总体思路和对策建议。值得强调的是，在本报告中，“大国治土”的“治”，是广义上的“治理”，即通过对土地资源进行科学规划、合理开发、高效利用和保护整治，实现土地利用效能的整体提升和可持续发展。
《报告》指出，我国土地资源具有资源总量大、人均少、后备资源相对不足，山地多、平原少、耕地质量总体偏低，地区自然禀赋差异大、区域资源分布不均衡等特征，给国土开发利用带来较大困难。随着我国在国土空间规划、国土生态整治和土地制度改革等方面的深化发展，国土开发利用和土地治理管理措施不断升级，国土资源利用水平得到提升，国土生态环境初步得到改善。目前我国建设用地增量逐年减少，土地利用效率持续提升，土地城镇化快于人口城镇化趋势初步得到扭转，土地荒漠化和沙化得到有效控制。但与此同时，由于空间规划衔接不畅、农村土地制度不完善、国土治理力度不够等原因，城乡建设用地倒挂、人均耕地持续减少、农地利用效率偏低、农地被非法占用、土壤污染、生态系统功能退化等问题依然存在。
《报告》认为，当前生态文明建设和供给侧结构性改革加快推进，国土空间开发治理也日益呈现一些新的发展趋势：一是规划重点从侧重土地用途管制转向统筹利用国土空间资源；二是国土开发模式从点轴带动转向集聚开发；三是国土治理从分类型解决问题转向分区域综合整治。
在此背景下，针对当前我国国土开发利用和土地治理管理中存在的问题，《报告》建议，应立足我国国情，借鉴国际成功经验，促进我国土地利用效能提升和维护国土生态安全。第一，全面推动“多规合一”，充分发挥规划引导管控作用；第二，推进国土空间集聚开发和人地挂钩，促进城乡区域高质量发展；第三，严格落实节约集约用地，进一步提高土地利用效益；第四，继续深化城乡土地制度改革，构建城乡统一的土地市场；第五，加大污染防治和修复力度，全方位维护国土生态安全；第六，完善相关法律法规保障，引导鼓励公众广泛参与。通过政府和社会各界的共同努力，以绿色理念开辟国土资源永续利用新途径，促进城乡健康和可持续发展。
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